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Background information

last modified by Administrator

on 2019/06/04 17:47

Table of Contents

Background information

Context and Justification of Interventions

UMOJA WA WAWEZESHAJI KIOO ILAGALA

P.O.BOX 1369

KIGOMA.

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2010

INTRODUCTION

Tanzania National context

Tanzania stretches islands of Pemba and Unguja in Zanzibar in the Indian ocean across the high plateau of Eastern Africa, to the rift valley lakes of Tanganyika and Nyasa. The population of 36 million people is concentrated into the few areas with high soil fertile such as along the coastal of Indian Ocean, around the Kilimanjaro mountain Lake Victoria and Tanganyika.

Tanzania borders with Kenya and Uganda in North, Rwanda and Burundi, Malawi and Democratic republic of Congo in West. Tanzania borders Mozambique in south. Over 80% of people in Tanzania engaged in small scale agriculture and the production of cash crops. The country’s main exports are coffee, cotton and tea, but tourism is an increasingly important source of revenue. One of the country unifying factors is the country’s official language; SWAHILI which is spoken universally and used at all levels of the education system.

Background information

Kigoma Region is found in western Tanzania, and is made of four administrative districts, namely; Kigoma Urban, Kigoma Rural, Kasulu and Kibondo districts. The average growth rate of population in the Region is about 4.8%. Kigoma Region is amongst the poorest regions in Tanzania and having per capita income of US$ 32.00, approximately TSH 47,0701 /- per annum (1US$=Tsh1470 as at September 1st 2010).

Districts Population Distribution as per Year 2002 Census
Kibondo Population 414,764 Male 200,381 Female 214,383	Kasulu Population 628,677 Male 299,506 Female 329,171	Kigoma Rural Population 490,816 Male 237,342 Female 253,474	Kigoma Urban Population 144,852 Male 70,630 Female 74,222

Context and Justification of Interventions

While the refugees’ agencies may bring relief in some socio-economic aspects, there is a myriad of economic challenges in the Region of Kigoma. The refugees’ presence in the Region has caused some socio-economic problems in the host community. Insecurity and proliferation of illegal small-arms has been rife in the Region. Drug abuse and excessive drinking are common in the communities of the Region. Drugs used include; bhangi, mirungi, cocaine, chamukwale (an herb indigenous to Kigoma along the shores of Lake Tanganyika and parts of Kasulu district too). In Kasulu leaves of Kajwali are also used as drugs. Industrially and locally brewed stuffs are used excessively and therefore contributing to the habitual drunkenness. HIV/AIDS is a common phenomenon in all the districts and the efforts to fight the epidemic are still not adequate, and the spread of the scourge is still not contained. The NGOs in the region are poorly equipped to fight the scourge. Sections of the community of Kigoma still have deep rooted socio-cultural prejudices about HIV/AIDS and hence a need for greater involvement in helping the communities out.

Information about Ilagala working area.

Ilagala area is located along the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Kigoma rural District in the Southern part of Kigoma region. It borders with Democratic Republic of Congo in West and Burundi in the Northwest. The population of people in Ilagala is estimated to 35,669 and the majority of them belong to HA ethnic group, relating close to the Hutu of Burundi. People of Ilagala makes their living from growing maize ,Cassava, palm oil trees and beans as major food and cash crops. Other economic activities include fishing in Lake Tanganyika and two major livers called Malagarasi and Luguvu. There is also livestock keeping and some small scale trading.

KIOO working profile in Kigoma

KIOO is a local Development organization working with the poor community to eradicate poverty ant its cause. It began its work in Kigoma in 2001 by working with a total of about 35,669 people in Ilagala Division of Kigoma region. KIOO implements education project by enabling the village councils, school committees and parents to identify and find solution to problem affecting education sector and other development work in the area.

Numbers are rounded to nearest whole.73% of the CSOs some mix of service, advocacy and research functions in their activities, only 17 % are engaged in single function activities in rural areas, 11% in service provision, 5% in advocacy and 1% in research. 74% of all groups to include advocacy as a significant part of their function, just ahead of the 68% that including service provision as a significant part of their role. Therefore it is difficulties to develop rural areas. We do very little work on poverty alleviation and development because of funding; donors are not very interested in poverty alleviation, they’re more interested in advocacy and lobbying for policy changes and law reforms. (Tanzanian CSO).

This is understandable given the dominance of urban and the poor transport infrastructure that makes communications difficult to rural areas. When civil society groups based in urban areas like Dar es Salaam and other big cities 43% are compared to ‘rural’ groups 57% some significant differences emerged. In characterizing the work, rural-based CSOs indicating higher levels of mostly service provision. Advocacy also features more strongly throughout the implementation of the project between rural and urban. Predictably, 70% of the rural groups are local in the scope of the work, while the urban groups where skewed in the opposite direction with 83% are described as ‘national’ in scope. Rural CSOs are slightly more likely to include aspects of health and HIV/AIDS work, education issues, socioeconomic, agricultural, family (women, children) or community development, and environmental concerns than urban groups. Conversely, there is little representation among the more rural groups on issues such as democracy, gender, legal research or policy/government reform advocacy, which are more prevalent in the urban-based data. Rural groups had less frequent contact with the Tanzanian government than their urban counterparts, even at local government level. They are also much more likely to perceive multiple barriers to them becoming more engaged. When presented with the list of possible barrier to influencing government policy in rural groups they meet with difficulties of even un known by urban groups, selected the option ‘all listed barriers’ rather than focusing more specifically

GROSSARY

AIDS - Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome

HIV - Human Immune Virus

DA - Development Area

PLHIV - People Living with HIV

STAR - Societies Tackling AIDS through Rights Approach

CHBC - Community Home Based Care

CDF - Community Development Facilitator

CDFCs - Community Development Facilitation Circles

CHAC - Community HIV/AIDS Committee

DAC - District AIDS Coordinator

ART - Antiretroviral Therapy

VCT - Voluntary Care and Treatment Centre

SRH - Sexual Reproductive Health

TACAIDS - Tanzania Commission for AIDS

TASAF - Tanzania Action Social Fund

DADPs - District Agricultural Development Plans

NACOPHA - National Council of People Living with HIV/AIDS

SUMMARY:

This report provides update of the theme policy and program work for the past year. It reflects work which planned on KIOO activities.

HIV/AIDS CONTEXT

Health Services and facilities shortage on HIV/AIDS continued to exist in the demands of community. Even though ARVs are available but distance has been a factor slowing down intention of meeting national target of 440,000 people by end of 2010. Likewise efforts of enabling testing services to people in remote areas needed faster alternative to show the relevance of community sensitization for testing. Protection facilities reach few and left women still not having adequate knowledge on how they can protect themselves. Women who are lucky to have access to prevention facilities do not have freedom to use them or speak about them to their partners. Government policies, strategies, and interventions are not well adapted to address stigma and discrimination to people living with HIV/AIDS. Empowerment through STAR circles, support to PLHIV organisations to raise their voices on policy issues and holding Government to account were in the list of planned local and National level activities.

KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

National Level: Policy work

Conducted review session of national HIV/AIDS policy of 2001, which involved 45 representatives from PLHIVs organizations, Local government officials and organizations working on HIV/AIDS. Recommendations submitted to National Policy review working committee of TACAIDS.

Fig.1 Stakeholders reviewing 2001 National HIV/AIDS policy, in group work

Facilitated documentation of primary health care field experience by KIOO policy advocacy targeting community in remote areas. Among the outcome of the visit is the production of an article in the Repubblica newspaper on the health situation in Tanzania, access to SRH services and HIV/AIDS services, inequality of funds distribution in the health sector in Tanzania. Moreover the article gave a glance on constraints that people living in rural and marginal area may have in accessing health services and particularly Reproductive Health basic care and ART treatment for HIV/AIDS.

Capacity building of 63 STAR facilitators on policy advocacy and campaign at local levels. The objective of this training was to develop a skilled and knowledgeable team of KIOO, staff and community facilitators in using STAR for Policy analysis and advocacy. The training contents covered principles of STAR, policy framework, STAR circles and policy advocacy, STAR circles and local policy advocacy, documenting evidence from STAR circles’ analysis and policy influencing. Other parts of the contents are budget advocacy, STAR circles and media advocacy, community mobilisation and alliance building.

Fig 2: Participants of STAR Refresher training on policy and campaign

Fig 3: Community Development Facilitator, presenting their group work during STAR Refresher training on policy and campaign.

Local Level: Capacity building and service delivery

Conducted quarterly review in 4 out of 8 Development areas. The reviews discussed progress of community development circles and getting responses of services delivery on HIV/AIDS from local government leaders.

Fig.4: The participants of the review listen to one among the CDFs when presenting his report during the review session

Supported Local government initiatives in construction of a village primary health care which will allow access of 3,000 villager’s mostly pregnant women and children.

Fig 5: Nangurukuru Primary health care under construction is expected to be finished in October 2010

FIRST COUNSELLING AND TESTING REPORT IN KIGOMA RURAL DISTRICT

INTRODUCTION

Counseling and testing HIV which sponsored by ACTION AID and ICAP started from 24th November to 3rd December 2009. The exercise involved 19 villages and most of them are found along the coast of Lake Tanganyika.

The villages involved were Simbo, Kasuku, Nyamoli, Kaseke, Muyobozi, Mwakizega, Kamyovu, Kabeba, Sambala, Ilagala, Kajeje, Songambele, Mahanga, Sunuka, Karago, Kilando, Lubengela, Sigunga and Kaseke ya Chini. This work conducted by counselors form ANGAZA Kigoma Division. The client concerned were adults and different pear groups of different sex.

PREPARATION AND COMMUNICATION

Letters for information were distributed in order to organize people. These letters were prepared by ACTION AID Programme coordinator. The process of sensitization of people in order to make the clients to have self determination and awareness. Then the process of preparation and collection of relevant material concerned and venues for counseling and testing HIV during the whole exercise. In most cases dispensaries ware offices and school (classes) were used.

ATTENDANCES

Generally attendance was good both men and women attended. Most of the clients found in the centres waiting for the tem of counselors. The attendees were calm and cooperative. This brought about good number of clients tested in order to know whether they are safe or not.

COUNSELLING AND TESTING

This involved collection of apparatus concerned and actual counseling and testing. The mode of counseling was group counseling at the first and then individual counseling thereafter testing was conducted. Then results were given to each individual client which followed with guidance and counseling according to the result found. The exercise involved 19 villages and the following are the testing results for each village.

SIMBO

The village is found at the junction of the Kigoma Kasulu Road and Ilagala road. The attendance was poor since most of inhabitant’s peasants so they were not available in their homes. Those who attended were cooperative results.

Total clients tested - Male 34 Female 38

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 1

KASUKU

We were well welcomed and they showed good cooperation. The following are testing results.

Total client tested - Male 38 Female 48

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 0

NYAMOLI

Those who were present at their homes were cooperative but most of them were in their farms. Those who found positive were advised to come at the Regional Hospital (Maweni) for CB4 count and ARVs.

Total client tested - Male 29 Female 30

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 0

KASEKE

This village had good response and they still need more education about HIV/AIDS and counseling. Because there is interaction of people among fishermen and small traders. Testing results:-

Total client tested - Male 101 Female 92

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 2

MUYOBOZI

People were calm and cooperative to the counselors. They need most education about HIV/AIDS. This is because of the interaction among the inhabitants, fishermen and small traders. Most of the hate to make HIV test.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 51 Female 24

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 2

MWAKIZEGA

Most of the villagers were in their farms and they told us to come another day only few clients tested. Those who found positive were advised to come to the Regional Hospital (Maweni) for CB4 counts and ARVs testing results.

Total tested - Male 20 Female 8

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 2

KAMYOVU

The village is along the coastal of Lake Tanganyika and most of the people are fishermen, small traders. Testing result

Total client tested - Male 46 Female 31

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 2

KABEBA

The village has no health centres so they have no even health officers who can sensitize them about HIV/AIDS education which may lead to increase of infections.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 29 Female 2

Total Positive - Male 20 Female 1

SAMBALA

They showed good response. The village is far from health centre. They have asked to return back after three months for the 2nd counseling and testing.

Testing Results

Total client tested - Male 27 Female 19

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 0

ILAGALA

Showed good response but most of them client do test afraid of the results. This means that they are not sure. So they need counseling and Education about HIV/AIDS.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 35 Female 13

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 0

KAJEJE

Showed good response but few people made test.

Testing results

Total client testing - Male 13 Female 4

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 0

SONGAMBELE

Showed positive response but the problem is only few make test.

Testing results

Total client testing - Male 13 Female 6

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 1

MAHANGA

We well invited and showed cooperation. But the number of people who made test are very few. This led to demand of education and counseling about HIV/AIDS.

Testing result

Total client tested - Male 16 Female 7

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 0

SUNUKA

This village had good response and still need education about HIV/AIDS. The interaction of people in the village is very high. This led to large population of people.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 34 Female 7

Total Positive - Male 1 Female 0

KALAGO

Showed good response. The interaction of people is high which lead to increase of infections. Testing results.

Total client tested - Male 35 Female 16

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 2

KILANDO

Most people living in the village are fishermen which need small traders to buy their products. This lead to interaction which may increase the infection of HIV/AIDS.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 47 Female 27

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 0

LUBENGELA AND SUNUKA

They showed good response but they still need education about HIV/AIDS simply because the village is growing up very fast, and there is high interaction of different people which may increase fast the infection of HIV/AIDS.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 2 Female 1

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 1

KASEKE YA CHINI

Clients form these villages were supposed to attend the service in other nearest villages. This is because this village has centres got some transport problem and sometimes geographical problems. In order to reach, the one should hire a boat and sometimes walking.

Testing results

Total client tested - Male 48 Female 25

Total Positive - Male 0 Female 1

TOTAL OF ALL - 1037

TOTAL POSITIVE - 23

RESULTS

Both those found positive and negative they were advised. The advice was as follows:-

POSITIVE RESULT

The client found positive, need CB4 count as well as ARV, whereby this service is only available at Kigoma Regional Hospital. So it is necessary for them to attend.

NEGATIVE RESULTS

The clients found negative, some of them are in window period so they need for the second test after three months.

PROBLEMS

It is found that most of people living in villages are in poor condition it will be difficult for them to come for the second test at Regional Hospital. Also positive clients to attend for the CB4 count and ARV’s at the Regional Hospital is very difficult due to poor condition and geographical distance is far. Transport problems. The transport infrastructure from Kigoma town going to the villages is difficult also from one village to another village. This is not only for clients but also to the personnel’s shortage of personnel’s. We have very few personnel whereby in other side of the coin there are many clients who are living in different villages. Shortage of fund, apparatus and ARV’s. These are potential in order to meet the success for the exercise.

COMMENTS

Those people in villages need counseling. Visiting in the villages where majority live is important. Both who have positive and negative results, should be supported to enable them to attend second test for those found negative and CB4 count and ARV for those found positive. All these services are available at Kigoma Regional Hospital. Education is still needed to the people especially those form villages. This will increase understanding disease, how it spread, self determination testing to live with HIV and effect of stigmatization. Establishment of centres where by those orphans left by parents died by AIDS will be cared.

LESSONS LEARNED

STAR as a tool has ignited more debate on women ownership of property and is noted as the mechanism of preventing HIV/AIDS to women and children.

Criminalising HIV as stipulated in the AIDS Act of 2008 of Tanzania is now being debated the nationally.

Review of National HIV/AIDS was enriched by the contributions given from the grass-root CBOs representatives

CHALLENGES

Some DAs could not conduct reflection and review sessions as planned and therefore partners did not have opportunity to raise community issues which need decision makers’ response.

By the fact that circles have become attraction point for showing impact of service delivery, some of the circles have received support from TASAF, DADPs and lost focus of policy advocacy and campaigns.

20 to 30 percent of the circles are not active and therefore reducing required pace in debating policy and advocacy agenda in their respective communities.

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

Under this sector the planned activities were to support community with trainings on farming methodologies so that they may have new methodologies on farming. To strengthen farmer’s organizations to be able to address and advocate for rights to good markets, extension services and farming in puts.

Activities

Support improvement of partner’s networking ability and market information

Support farmers organization with personnel who will handle research on better farming methodology in Kigoma

Support Farmers to carry out Hunger Free Forum (Nane Nane Forum)

This is done in order to improve their performance level of the farming; the support was provided to village agricultural officers so that they may have an ability of visiting different communities’ farms and directing them what they may do to improve their productivity. Support quarterly review and reflection meeting of the established STAR Circle including community representative

The participants of the review listen to their selected chairperson during the review session

A two days session was organized and conducted where CDFs, local government leaders and community members’ representatives were called and participate. The CDFs presented their reports. Among other thing which was discussed included the honoraria of CDFs from LGA from the department of Adult Education after the exit of the project. The agreement which came into being is that the CDFs have to provide their monthly reports to Ward Education Officer in order to qualify for honoraria. The review shows that most of the community circles progresses were as they are multifunctional that they initiated income Generating Activities which will be used to take care for their families and other people with difficult environment.

However some issues were raised;

The characteristics of the required report for honoraria.

Lack of enough capital to initiate more income generating activities.

Poor leadership among the Local Government Authorities.

Resolution reached;

The next review should be based / done at Division level.

CDFs reports should also be sent to District authorities.

GOOD GOVERNANCE

Objective

To promote accountability, transparency and community participation at all levels of government, partner community based organizations and other CSOs.

Planned activities

Conduct good governancy and accountability training to CDFs and community to improve economic literacy and Budget accountability understanding among community people in Kigoma district. In this activity, the two divided session was planned and carried out to in the DA to include LGA, CDFs and community with religious representatives.

Conducting Social Accountability Monitoring by investigating on how community members are partcipanting in planing, implementation and reporting quality of the implemented projects.

Conducting Publict Expenditure Tracking in Kigoma Munispality and Kigoma Rural District.

Conducting Ant corruption forum with Election and human right education to the community members especialy women and youth.

Challenges;

The delay of funds from head office which is the result of new system of monthly cash flow, this leads to the delay of the planned activities which spreaded between two months (example from the end of march to April)

Law understanding among the community members on how they may intervene in the process of budgeting

Realisation of Land Rights through responsible and accountable village land management

This idea envisages change as citizens realise their land rights through responsible and accountable village land management. The change is about empowerment of ordinary citizens to engage in land matters and in holding land institutions accountable for fair and just administration of village land. The idea for chance supports both the demand side and supply side of village land management by making ordinary women and men conscious and capable to claim their rights to land and by strengthening local institutions to administrate land according to the Village Land Act and other regulations.

This idea for change seeks to develop synergies by complementing existing initiatives on village land management with aspects of governance, anticorruption and local government. Hence, the idea focuses on innovating and implementing a tool box and approaches to fill the knowledge and institutional gabs preventing ordinary people from enjoying their land rights. It is anticipated that the tools and approaches will be used nationwide by different actors and thereby lead to improved village land administration and contribute to harmonization of government, donor and civil society interventions.

Village assemble discussing village development after Good governance training At Mwamila village

In Tanzania, the land laws provide a framework for securing individual and village land rights. This means that for the majority of people, the possibility to claim their land rights depends on the implementation and the management at the village level. While challenges for citizens realizing their land rights are many, two of the main obstacles are:

1) Citizens’ lack of awareness about their land rights and

2) Lack of institutional capacity at the village level to implement and manage village land accordingly.

Many initiatives to implement the land laws focus on the establishment rather than the functioning of local institutions necessary for village and individual land certification. Therefore, if these institutions are not held accountable by conscious and engaged communities, village land management risks being unfair and corrupt. Securing poor people’s access to land depends on and is about governance at the local level. The above described change will be the outcome of following four interventions:

Developing a comprehensive tool box of methodologies, materials and approaches,

Pilot testing and adjustment of the tools in 10 villages,

Upon successful piloting to build up organisational capacity for up-scaling and finally,

Implementation will take place in a larger number of villages to reach and benefit at least one million people. Note that priority will be on villages where implementation of the land laws have been initiated and villages ideally within the same districts in order to have a greater impact.

Another village Assemble at Kalenge village as seen by field officers

After the training villagers become active, they showed their activeness when they came to listening to the candidates during an election campaign held from August to October 30th .The following pictures shows their attendance.

PROBLEM DISCOVERED DURING THE PROJECT.

The following are facilities lacked by the community and their rule to perform good governance:

There is no country constitution as the mother of all law; there fore those leaders in rural areas they do not know any thing about constitution.

The community at all they lack current information from different areas and because they lack such information even when there is constitution amendment they can not know, from there they can still use outdated information among themselves.

Medium of communication in rural area still rude that can not facilitate good governance, this happen when we were facilitating and implementing the project, because it became a time where the transportation fees rose more and more. This is affecting good governance that if the information was expected from the regional or district level will not reach them in time, there fore there is delay of information from and to them.

There is no availability of resources for different issues, those issues is like land law number 4&5 of 1992 so that the land committee can use them. Another thing which was found and discovered as a problem to rural areas people some of those information is in English while most of the majority are standard seven livers. They get difficulties in interpretation them to the common people not only interpretation of it but also the law language still a problem.

Rural areas ruler they rule out of constitution, thus why you may find them not want to listen to any one who is coming with any idea, because they do not know that there is freedom of ideas. Because they are out of constitution they want to become gods in the village. Like in one village the community members were asking about village income and expenditure, the man responsible called police that the people are rejecting to development and people suffered a lot without answering them their real question.

Village and ward executive officers in rural areas are as gods before the community members, this is comes because they do all works them self as a place where there is no police or court they do all activities even they tend to hear cases which can be heard with the court. What those villagers can do because they do not know any thing. A man is telling them that am first and final. In a certain village we met one parson is village executive office at the same time is ward executive officer.

The community they do not know where to start in finding his/her right because they have no information on the procedure of finding the right. If some one finding his/her right the whole community turn against him/her because they don’t know.

There is no course or seminar for the elected leaders especially those of village and sub-village level; hence they do not know even how to keep important records for development and relative issues.

THE WAY FORWARD FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM ABOVE

After the seminar we were collecting the participants ideas on how they thing that the problem can be solved and have the wide chance of discussion with them. The following were the collected ideas:

There should be supply of constitution in rural areas even one constitution per village that those rulers can pass through it, even heads of departments can have time to pass through.

The good governance and accountability can be taught in secondary schools that those who complete it can have an idea of it lather than it is today people meet with it in seminars.

The elected leaders like village and sub-village should be given seminar after an election that they can understand what they are going to do in the coming five years. If you come to member of parliament they have seminar also councils have seminar on the work they are going to do in the coming time of their ruling how about this group?

The government should think on how they can give salaries to these leaders so that to serve the community wealth. Some village leader they tend to sale land because they have no salaries to handle them. They are leaders with responsibility in the community like taking their children to school and others.

The District and Regional leaders they should know that even the people in rural areas are the part of their people therefore they should provide them with information when necessary.

The means of communication between District and village level should be developed because from one village to the district head office can take more than 12 hours and you should sleep in town so that you get services from the officials and there is no additional on that, there fore more workers tend to escape working in rural areas.