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<MSS id="6DE33478-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22">
<TIMESTAMP>2010-10-04 10:19:54</TIMESTAMP><STATE code='TX'>Texas</STATE><TITLE><![CDATA[Essential Knowledge and Skills]]></TITLE><SUBJECT code="SCI" seq="30">Science</SUBJECT><YEAR>2009</YEAR><STANDARD id="6DDE02FA-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="K" hi="K" seq="500" code="K">112.11. Kindergarten</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3F814D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations following home and school safety procedures and uses environmentally appropriate and responsible practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3F81BBE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F814D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and demonstrate safe practices as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations, including wearing safety goggles, washing hands, and using materials appropriately;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F822DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F814D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[discuss the importance of safe practices to keep self and others safe and healthy; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F829EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F814D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.1.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="4" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate how to use, conserve, and dispose of natural resources and materials such as conserving water and reusing or recycling paper, plastic, and metal.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2" seq="5" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student develops abilities to ask questions and seek answers in classroom and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3F8382E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[ask questions about organisms, objects, and events observed in the natural world;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F83F36-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations such as ways objects move;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F846C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data and make observations using simple equipment such as hand lenses, primary balances, and non-standard measurement tools;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F84DAA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[record and organize data and observations using pictures, numbers, and words; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F85494-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F83144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate observations with others about simple descriptive investigations.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8693E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.3" seq="11" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that information and critical thinking are used in scientific problem solving.]]><TOPIC id="B3F8700A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8693E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and explain a problem such as the impact of littering on the playground and propose a solution in his/her own words;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F876E0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8693E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make predictions based on observable patterns in nature such as the shapes of leaves; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F87DB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8693E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore that scientists investigate different things in the natural world and use tools to help in their investigations.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F88482-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.4" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses age-appropriate tools and models to investigate the natural world.]]><TOPIC id="B3F88B62-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F88482-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect information using tools, including computers, hand lenses, primary balances, cups, bowls, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and timers; non-standard measuring items such as paper clips and clothespins; weather instruments such as demonstration thermometers and wind socks; and materials to support observations of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and aquariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8924C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F88482-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use senses as a tool of observation to identify properties and patterns of organisms, objects, and events in the environment.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F89940-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.5" seq="18" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that objects have properties and patterns.]]><TOPIC id="B3F8A0E8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F89940-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record properties of objects, including relative size and mass, such as bigger or smaller and heavier or lighter, shape, color, and texture; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8A8A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F89940-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, record, and discuss how materials can be changed by heating or cooling.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8AF8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.6" seq="21" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that energy, force, and motion are related and are a part of their everyday life.]]><TOPIC id="B3F8B6BE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8AF8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the five senses to explore different forms of energy such as light, heat, and sound;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8BD9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8AF8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore interactions between magnets and various materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8C47E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8AF8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe the location of an object in relation to another such as above, below, behind, in front of, and beside; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8CB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8AF8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe the ways that objects can move such as in a straight line, zigzag, up and down, back and forth, round and round, and fast and slow.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8D22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.7" seq="26" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the natural world includes earth materials.]]><TOPIC id="B3F8D914-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8D22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, describe, compare, and sort rocks by size, shape, color, and texture;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8DFFE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8D22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe physical properties of natural sources of water, including color and clarity; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8E706-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8D22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[give examples of ways rocks, soil, and water are useful.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8EDFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.8" seq="30" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among objects in the sky.]]><TOPIC id="B3F85B74-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8EDFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe weather changes from day to day and over seasons;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8624A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8EDFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify events that have repeating patterns, including seasons of the year and day and night; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8F4DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8EDFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, describe, and illustrate objects in the sky such as the clouds, Moon, and stars, including the Sun.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F8FBC4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.9" seq="34" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that plants and animals have basic needs and depend on the living and nonliving things around them for survival.]]><TOPIC id="B3F902A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8FBC4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between living and nonliving things based upon whether they have basic needs and produce offspring; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F90A88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F8FBC4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine evidence that living organisms have basic needs such as food, water, and shelter for animals and air, water, nutrients, sunlight, and space for plants.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F91154-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.10" seq="37" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and processes that help them survive within their environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3F91820-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F91154-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[sort plants and animals into groups based on physical characteristics such as color, size, body covering, or leaf shape;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F91EE2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F91154-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify parts of plants such as roots, stem, and leaves and parts of animals such as head, eyes, and limbs;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F925A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F91154-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify ways that young plants resemble the parent plant; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F92CFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F91154-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.K.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe changes that are part of a simple life cycle of a plant: seed, seedling, plant, flower, and fruit.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE116F2-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="1" hi="1" seq="510" code="1">112.12. Grade 1</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3F933C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations following home and school safety procedures and uses environmentally appropriate and responsible practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3F93AA8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F933C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize and demonstrate safe practices as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations, including wearing safety goggles, washing hands, and using materials appropriately;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F94192-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F933C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize the importance of safe practices to keep self and others safe and healthy; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F94886-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F933C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.1.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="4" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and learn how to use natural resources and materials, including conservation and reuse or recycling of paper, plastic, and metals.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2" seq="5" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student develops abilities to ask questions and seek answers in classroom and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3F95650-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[ask questions about organisms, objects, and events observed in the natural world;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F95D3A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations such as ways objects move;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F96456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data and make observations using simple equipment such as hand lenses, primary balances, and non-standard measurement tools;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F96BAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[record and organize data using pictures, numbers, and words; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F97284-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F94F66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate observations and provide reasons for explanations using student-generated data from simple descriptive investigations.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F979A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.3" seq="11" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that information and critical thinking are used in scientific problem solving.]]><TOPIC id="B3F98080-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F979A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and explain a problem such as finding a home for a classroom pet and propose a solution in his/her own words;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F98828-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F979A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make predictions based on observable patterns; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F98F1C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F979A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe what scientists do.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F995FC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.4" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses age-appropriate tools and models to investigate the natural world.]]><TOPIC id="B3F99CE6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F995FC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect, record, and compare information using tools, including computers, hand lenses, primary balances, cups, bowls, magnets, collecting nets, notebooks, and safety goggles; timing devices, including clocks and timers; non-standard measuring items such as paper clips and clothespins; weather instruments such as classroom demonstration thermometers and wind socks; and materials to support observations of habitats of organisms such as aquariums and terrariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9A3DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F995FC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure and compare organisms and objects using non-standard units.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9AABA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.5" seq="18" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that objects have properties and patterns.]]><TOPIC id="B3F9B19A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9AABA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify objects by observable properties of the materials from which they are made such as larger and smaller, heavier and lighter, shape, color, and texture; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9B870-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9AABA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict and identify changes in materials caused by heating and cooling such as ice melting, water freezing, and water evaporating.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9BF3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.6" seq="21" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that force, motion, and energy are related and are a part of everyday life.]]><TOPIC id="B3F9C612-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9BF3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and discuss how different forms of energy such as light, heat, and sound are important to everyday life;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9CDC4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9BF3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict and describe how a magnet can be used to push or pull an object;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9D49A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9BF3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the change in the location of an object such as closer to, nearer to, and farther from; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9DB70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9BF3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and record the ways that objects can move such as in a straight line, zig zag, up and down, back and forth, round and round, and fast and slow.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9E250-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.7" seq="26" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the natural world includes rocks, soil, and water that can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems.]]><TOPIC id="B3F9E94E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9E250-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, compare, describe, and sort components of soil by size, texture, and color;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9F038-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9E250-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and describe a variety of natural sources of water, including streams, lakes, and oceans; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9F74A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9E250-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[gather evidence of how rocks, soil, and water help to make useful products.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3F9FE34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.8" seq="30" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the natural world includes the air around us and objects in the sky.]]><TOPIC id="B3FA050A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9FE34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[record weather information, including relative temperature, such as hot or cold, clear or cloudy, calm or windy, and rainy or icy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA0BE0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9FE34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record changes in the appearance of objects in the sky such as clouds, the Moon, and stars, including the Sun;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA12B6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9FE34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify characteristics of the seasons of the year and day and night; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA19A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3F9FE34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that air is all around us and observe that wind is moving air.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA2080-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.9" seq="35" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the living environment is composed of relationships between organisms and the life cycles that occur.]]><TOPIC id="B3FA28A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA2080-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[sort and classify living and nonliving things based upon whether or not they have basic needs and produce offspring;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA3002-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA2080-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and record examples of interdependence found in various situations such as terrariums and aquariums or pet and caregiver; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA36E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA2080-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[gather evidence of interdependence among living organisms such as energy transfer through food chains and animals using plants for shelter.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA3DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.10" seq="39" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and processes that help them survive within their environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FA44F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA3DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how the external characteristics of an animal are related to where it lives, how it moves, and what it eats;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA4BD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA3DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and compare the parts of plants;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA529E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA3DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare ways that young animals resemble their parents; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA596A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA3DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.1.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record life cycles of animals such as a chicken, frog, or fish.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE1A266-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="2" hi="2" seq="600" code="2">112.13. Grade 2</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3FA6040-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations following home and school safety procedures.]]><TOPIC id="B3FA673E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA6040-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and demonstrate safe practices as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations, including wearing safety goggles, washing hands, and using materials appropriately;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA6E14-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA6040-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the importance of safe practices; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA74FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA6040-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.1.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="4" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and demonstrate how to use, conserve, and dispose of natural resources and materials such as conserving water and reuse or recycling of paper, plastic, and metal.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2" seq="5" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student develops abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry in classroom and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3FA8318-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[ask questions about organisms, objects, and events during observations and investigations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA8A84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and conduct descriptive investigations such as how organisms grow;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA91DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data from observations using simple equipment such as hand lenses, primary balances, thermometers, and non-standard measurement tools;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA98BC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[record and organize data using pictures, numbers, and words;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FA9F92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate observations and justify explanations using student-generated data from simple descriptive investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAA668-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FA7C06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare results of investigations with what students and scientists know about the world.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAAD48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.3" seq="12" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that information and critical thinking, scientific problem solving, and the contributions of scientists are used in making decisions.]]><TOPIC id="B3FAB41E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FAAD48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and explain a problem in his/her own words and propose a task and solution for the problem such as lack of water in a habitat;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FABAEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FAAD48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make predictions based on observable patterns; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAC1DE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FAAD48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify what a scientist is and explore what different scientists do.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAC8C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.4" seq="16" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses age-appropriate tools and models to investigate the natural world.]]><TOPIC id="B3FACFBC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FAC8C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect, record, and compare information using tools, including computers, hand lenses, rulers, primary balances, plastic beakers, magnets, collecting nets, notebooks, and safety goggles; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; weather instruments such as thermometers, wind vanes, and rain gauges; and materials to support observations of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and aquariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAD6A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FAC8C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure and compare organisms and objects using non-standard units that approximate metric units.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FADD90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.5" seq="19" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter has physical properties and those properties determine how it is described, classified, changed, and used.]]><TOPIC id="B3FAE4AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FADD90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify matter by physical properties, including shape, relative mass, relative temperature, texture, flexibility, and whether material is a solid or liquid;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAEB8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FADD90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare changes in materials caused by heating and cooling;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAF32A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FADD90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that things can be done to materials to change their physical properties such as cutting, folding, sanding, and melting; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FAF9F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FADD90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[combine materials that when put together can do things that they cannot do by themselves such as building a tower or a bridge and justify the selection of those materials based on their physical properties.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB00EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.6" seq="24" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that forces cause change and energy exists in many forms.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB07C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB00EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the effects on an object by increasing or decreasing amounts of light, heat, and sound energy such as how the color of an object appears different in dimmer light or how heat melts butter;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB0E8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB00EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and identify how magnets are used in everyday life;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB1558-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB00EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[trace the changes in the position of an object over time such as a cup rolling on the floor and a car rolling down a ramp; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB1C24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB00EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare patterns of movement of objects such as sliding, rolling, and spinning.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB22FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.7" seq="29" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the natural world includes earth materials.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB29DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB22FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe rocks by size, texture, and color;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB30CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB22FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and compare the properties of natural sources of freshwater and saltwater; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB37CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB22FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between natural and manmade resources.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB3EAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.8" seq="33" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among objects in the sky.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB4596-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB3EAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure, record, and graph weather information, including temperature, wind conditions, precipitation, and cloud coverage, in order to identify patterns in the data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB4C76-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB3EAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the importance of weather and seasonal information to make choices in clothing, activities, and transportation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB53E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB3EAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the processes in the water cycle, including evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, as connected to weather conditions; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB5AB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB3EAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, describe, and record patterns of objects in the sky, including the appearance of the Moon.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB6198-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.9" seq="38" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that living organisms have basic needs that must be met for them to survive within their environment.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB6878-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB6198-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the basic needs of plants and animals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB6F6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB6198-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify factors in the environment, including temperature and precipitation, that affect growth and behavior such as migration, hibernation, and dormancy of living things; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB767E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB6198-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and give examples of the ways living organisms depend on each other and on their environments such as food chains within a garden, park, beach, lake, and wooded area.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB7D5E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.10" seq="42" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and processes that help them survive within their environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB8448-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB7D5E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics and behaviors of animals help them meet their basic needs such as fins help fish move and balance in the water;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB8B32-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB7D5E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, record, and compare how the physical characteristics of plants help them meet their basic needs such as stems carry water throughout the plant; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FB9212-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB7D5E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.2.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and record some of the unique stages that insects undergo during their life cycle.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE24E78-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="3" hi="3" seq="680" code="3">112.14. Grade 3</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3FB98F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations following school and home safety procedures and environmentally appropriate practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3FB9FC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB98F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations, including observing a schoolyard habitat; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBA69E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FB98F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources by recycling or reusing materials such as paper, aluminum cans, and plastics.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3FBB4C2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking and answering questions, making inferences, and selecting and using equipment or technology needed, to solve a specific problem in the natural world;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBBBC0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data by observing and measuring using the metric system and recognize differences between observed and measured data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBC28C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct maps, graphic organizers, simple tables, charts, and bar graphs using tools and current technology to organize, examine, and evaluate measured data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBC98A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and interpret patterns in data to construct reasonable explanations based on evidence from investigations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBD0C4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that repeated investigations may increase the reliability of results; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBD7A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBAD88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by data in writing, by drawing pictures, and through verbal discussion.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBDE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.3" seq="11" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that information, critical thinking, scientific problem solving, and the contributions of scientists are used in making decisions.]]><TOPIC id="B3FBE5DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBDE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBECC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBDE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys and food;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBF3B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBDE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[represent the natural world using models such as volcanoes or Sun, Earth, and Moon system and identify their limitations, including size, properties, and materials; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FBFA90-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FBDE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[connect grade-level appropriate science concepts with the history of science, science careers, and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC015C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.4" seq="16" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools and methods to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B3FC0850-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC015C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, wind vanes, rain gauges, pan balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, spring scales, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, notebooks, sound recorders, and Sun, Earth, and Moon system models; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and aquariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC0F3A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC015C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use safety equipment as appropriate, including safety goggles and gloves.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC16B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.5" seq="19" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.]]><TOPIC id="B3FC1DD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC16B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure, test, and record physical properties of matter, including temperature, mass, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC24C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC16B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and classify samples of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and demonstrate that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC2BAA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC16B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC328A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC16B0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore and recognize that a mixture is created when two materials are combined such as gravel and sand and metal and plastic paper clips.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC397E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.6" seq="24" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that forces cause change and that energy exists in many forms.]]><TOPIC id="B3FC405E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC397E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore different forms of energy, including mechanical, light, sound, and heat/thermal in everyday life;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC472A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC397E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and observe how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects to show work being done such as swings, balls, pulleys, and wagons; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC4E32-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC397E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe forces such as magnetism and gravity acting on objects.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC54FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.7" seq="28" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that Earth consists of natural resources and its surface is constantly changing.]]><TOPIC id="B3FC5BCA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC54FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore and record how soils are formed by weathering of rock and the decomposition of plant and animal remains;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC62A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC54FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate rapid changes in Earth's surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC6976-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC54FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and compare different landforms, including mountains, hills, valleys, and plains; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC7060-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC54FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the characteristics of natural resources that make them useful in products and materials such as clothing and furniture and how resources may be conserved.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC7844-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.8" seq="33" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among objects in the sky.]]><TOPIC id="B3FC7F38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC7844-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, measure, record, and compare day-to-day weather changes in different locations at the same time that include air temperature, wind direction, and precipitation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC862C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC7844-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and illustrate the Sun as a star composed of gases that provides light and heat energy for the water cycle;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC8D34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC7844-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct models that demonstrate the relationship of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, including orbits and positions; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC9414-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC7844-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the planets in Earth's solar system and their position in relation to the Sun.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FC9B26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.9" seq="38" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms have characteristics that help them survive and can describe patterns, cycles, systems, and relationships within the environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FCA206-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC9B26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe the physical characteristics of environments and how they support populations and communities within an ecosystem;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCA8DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC9B26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and describe the flow of energy in a food chain and predict how changes in a food chain affect the ecosystem such as removal of frogs from a pond or bees from a field; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCAFC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FC9B26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe environmental changes such as floods and droughts where some organisms thrive and others perish or move to new locations.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCB6BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.10" seq="42" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FCBDEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCB6BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore how structures and functions of plants and animals allow them to survive in a particular environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCC4E8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCB6BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore that some characteristics of organisms are inherited such as the number of limbs on an animal or flower color and recognize that some behaviors are learned in response to living in a certain environment such as animals using tools to get food; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCCBDC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCB6BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.3.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and compare how animals and plants undergo a series of orderly changes in their diverse life cycles such as tomato plants, frogs, and lady bugs.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE25E22-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="4" hi="4" seq="810" code="4">112.15. Grade 4</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3FCD302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3FCDAAA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCD302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCE1F8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCD302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3FCEFA4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCF670-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FCFD50-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current technology to organize, examine, and evaluate data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD041C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze data and interpret patterns to construct reasonable explanations from data that can be observed and measured;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD0AF2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform repeated investigations to increase the reliability of results; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD11BE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FCE8CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid, oral, and written results supported by data.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD189E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.3" seq="11" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.]]><TOPIC id="B3FD200A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD189E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD26FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD189E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD2DE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD189E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[represent the natural world using models such as rivers, stream tables, or fossils and identify their limitations, including accuracy and size; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD34E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD189E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[connect grade-level appropriate science concepts with the history of science, science careers, and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD3C48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.4" seq="16" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools, materials, equipment, and models to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B3FD431E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD3C48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and aquariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD4A30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD3C48-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use safety equipment as appropriate, including safety goggles and gloves.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD5110-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.5" seq="19" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.]]><TOPIC id="B3FD57F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD5110-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD5EDA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD5110-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD65D8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD5110-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD6CB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.6" seq="23" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that energy exists in many forms and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems.]]><TOPIC id="B3FD73AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD6CB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD7A96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD6CB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between conductors and insulators;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD818A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD6CB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD8874-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD6CB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD8F54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.7" seq="28" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The students know that Earth consists of useful resources and its surface is constantly changing.]]><TOPIC id="B3FD9634-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD8F54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FD9DFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD8F54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDA4DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FD8F54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of conservation.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDAB9C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.8" seq="32" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, and Moon system.]]><TOPIC id="B3FDB272-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDAB9C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDB93E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDAB9C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDC046-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDAB9C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon over time.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDC730-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.9" seq="36" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows and understands that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.]]><TOPIC id="B3FDCE2E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDC730-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDD522-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDC730-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDDC0C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.10" seq="39" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environment.]]><TOPIC id="B3FDE2F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDDC0C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDE9D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDDC0C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants. Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FDF0B6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDDC0C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.4.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE26D9A-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="5" hi="5" seq="920" code="5">112.16. Grade 5</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3FDF7AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3FDFF70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDF7AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE0650-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FDF7AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make informed choices in the conservation, disposal, and recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and outdoor investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3FE14C4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe, plan, and implement simple experimental investigations testing one variable;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE1BAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[ask well-defined questions, formulate testable hypotheses, and select and use appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE228E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect information by detailed observations and accurate measuring;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE2964-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and interpret information to construct reasonable explanations from direct (observable) and indirect (inferred) evidence;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE3030-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that repeated investigations may increase the reliability of results;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE3706-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions in both written and verbal forms; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE3DE6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE0D9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct appropriate simple graphs, tables, maps, and charts using technology, including computers, to organize, examine, and evaluate information.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE44B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.3" seq="12" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.]]><TOPIC id="B3FE4B88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE44B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE5254-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE44B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the accuracy of the information related to promotional materials for products and services such as nutritional labels;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE5916-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE44B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw or develop a model that represents how something works or looks that cannot be seen such as how a soda dispensing machine works; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE605A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE44B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[connect grade-level appropriate science concepts with the history of science, science careers, and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE6762-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.4" seq="17" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools and methods to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B3FE6F0A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE6762-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, prisms, mirrors, pan balances, triple beam balances, spring scales, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observations of habitats or organisms such as terrariums and aquariums; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE75EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE6762-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use safety equipment, including safety goggles and gloves.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE7CB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.5" seq="20" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.]]><TOPIC id="B3FE83B4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE7CB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify matter based on physical properties, including mass, magnetism, physical state (solid, liquid, and gas), relative density (sinking and floating), solubility in water, and the ability to conduct or insulate thermal energy or electric energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE8A9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE7CB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the boiling and freezing/melting points of water on the Celsius scale;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE9174-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE7CB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that some mixtures maintain physical properties of their ingredients such as iron filings and sand; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE984A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE7CB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify changes that can occur in the physical properties of the ingredients of solutions such as dissolving salt in water or adding lemon juice to water.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FE9F98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.6" seq="25" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that energy occurs in many forms and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems.]]><TOPIC id="B3FEA6B4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE9F98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEADA8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE9F98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEB456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE9F98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels through one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEBB68-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FE9F98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design an experiment that tests the effect of force on an object.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEC310-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.7" seq="30" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows Earth's surface is constantly changing and consists of useful resources.]]><TOPIC id="B3FEC9FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEC310-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FED0F8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEC310-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize how landforms such as deltas, canyons, and sand dunes are the result of changes to Earth's surface by wind, water, and ice;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FED7CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEC310-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify alternative energy resources such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuels; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEDEA4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEC310-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEE566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.8" seq="35" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, and Moon system.]]><TOPIC id="B3FEEC32-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEE566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between weather and climate;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEF330-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEE566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how the Sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FEF9F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEE566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that Earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF00D2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FEE566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF079E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.9" seq="40" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there are relationships, systems, and cycles within environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FF0E7E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF079E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe the way organisms live and survive in their ecosystem by interacting with the living and non-living elements;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF15FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF079E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how the flow of energy derived from the Sun, used by producers to create their own food, is transferred through a food chain and food web to consumers and decomposers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF1CDE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF079E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict the effects of changes in ecosystems caused by living organisms, including humans, such as the overpopulation of grazers or the building of highways; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF2472-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF079E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.9.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the significance of the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle to the survival of plants and animals.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF2B84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.10" seq="45" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environments.]]><TOPIC id="B3FF328C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF2B84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the structures and functions of different species that help them live and survive such as hooves on prairie animals or webbed feet in aquatic animals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF39EE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF2B84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between inherited traits of plants and animals such as spines on a cactus or shape of a beak and learned behaviors such as an animal learning tricks or a child riding a bicycle; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF40C4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF2B84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.5.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the differences between complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE27D9E-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="6" hi="6" seq="1160" code="6">112.18. Grade 6</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B3FF47A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B3FF4E8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF47A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety Standards; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF5578-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF47A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[practice appropriate use and conservation of resources, including disposal, reuse, or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B3FF6356-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF6A40-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design and implement experimental investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF712A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and record data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative means such as labeled drawings, writing, and graphic organizers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF7828-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF7EF4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF5C6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF8642-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.3" seq="10" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists.]]><TOPIC id="B3FF8D0E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF8642-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF942A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF8642-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as a model of Earth's layers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FF9AF6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF8642-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFA1C2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FF8642-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFA88E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.4" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B3FFAF5A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFA88E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use appropriate tools to collect, record, and analyze information, including journals/notebooks, beakers, Petri dishes, meter sticks, graduated cylinders, hot plates, test tubes, triple beam balances, microscopes, thermometers, calculators, computers, timing devices, and other equipment as needed to teach the curriculum; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFB63A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFA88E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use preventative safety equipment, including chemical splash goggles, aprons, and gloves, and be prepared to use emergency safety equipment, including an eye/face wash, a fire blanket, and a fire extinguisher.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFBD4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.5" seq="18" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the differences between elements and compounds.]]><TOPIC id="B3FFC42C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFBD4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that an element is a pure substance represented by chemical symbols;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFCB20-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFBD4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that a limited number of the many known elements comprise the largest portion of solid Earth, living matter, oceans, and the atmosphere;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFD1F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFBD4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between elements and compounds on the most basic level; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFD8E0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFBD4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the formation of a new substance by using the evidence of a possible chemical change such as production of a gas, change in temperature, production of a precipitate, or color change.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFDFB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.6" seq="23" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows matter has physical properties that can be used for classification.]]><TOPIC id="B3FFE75E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFDFB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare metals, nonmetals, and metalloids using physical properties such as luster, conductivity, or malleability;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFEE66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFDFB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate density to identify an unknown substance; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFF546-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFDFB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[test the physical properties of minerals, including hardness, color, luster, and streak.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B3FFFC30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.7" seq="27" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that some of Earth's energy resources are available on a nearly perpetual basis, while others can be renewed over a relatively short period of time. Some energy resources, once depleted, are essentially nonrenewable.]]><TOPIC id="B4000324-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFFC30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and debate the advantages and disadvantages of using coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and solar resources; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4000A22-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B3FFFC30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design a logical plan to manage energy resources in the home, school, or community.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8" seq="30" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows force and motion are related to potential and kinetic energy.]]><TOPIC id="B40017EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4001ECC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and describe the changes in position, direction, and speed of an object when acted upon by unbalanced forces;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40025AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate average speed using distance and time measurements;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4002C82-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure and graph changes in motion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4003362-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4001116-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.8.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how inclined planes and pulleys can be used to change the amount of force to move an object.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4003A38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.9" seq="36" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it just changes form.]]><TOPIC id="B4004122-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4003A38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate methods of thermal energy transfer, including conduction, convection, and radiation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4004870-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4003A38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler until all the substances attain the same temperature such as an ice cube melting; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4004F32-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4003A38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate energy transformations such as energy in a flashlight battery changes from chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40055FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.10" seq="40" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the structure of Earth, the rock cycle, and plate tectonics.]]><TOPIC id="B4005CF2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40055FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[build a model to illustrate the structural layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40063D2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40055FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify rocks as metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary by the processes of their formation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4006B02-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40055FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the major tectonic plates, including Eurasian, African, Indo-Australian, Pacific, North American, and South American; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40071EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40055FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how plate tectonics causes major geological events such as ocean basins, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40078CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.11" seq="45" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the organization of our solar system and the relationships among the various bodies that comprise it.]]><TOPIC id="B4007FC0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40078CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the physical properties, locations, and movements of the Sun, planets, Galilean moons, meteors, asteroids, and comets;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40086A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40078CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand that gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4008D76-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40078CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the history and future of space exploration, including the types of equipment and transportation needed for space travel.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12" seq="49" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows all organisms are classified into Domains and Kingdoms. Organisms within these taxonomic groups share similar characteristics which allow them to interact with the living and nonliving parts of their ecosystem.]]><TOPIC id="B4009B36-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400A20C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that the presence of a nucleus determines whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400A9FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that the broadest taxonomic classification of living organisms is divided into currently recognized Domains;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400B12A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the basic characteristics of organisms, including prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic, and mode of reproduction, that further classify them in the currently recognized Kingdoms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400B81E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem in which organisms interact; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400BEEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4009456-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.6.12.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="55" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[diagram the levels of organization within an ecosystem, including organism, population, community, and ecosystem.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE28DC0-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="7" hi="7" seq="1570" code="7">112.19. Grade 7</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B400C5CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of the instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B400CCC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400C5CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety Standards; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400D39E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400C5CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[practice appropriate use and conservation of resources, including disposal, reuse, or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B400E12C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400E802-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design and implement experimental investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400EECE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and record data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative means such as labeled drawings, writing, and graphic organizers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400F5A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B400FCB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B400DA6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4010396-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.3" seq="10" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists.]]><TOPIC id="B4010B3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4010396-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4011228-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4010396-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as human body systems and plant and animal cells;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40118FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4010396-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4011FDE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4010396-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40126DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.4" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B4012DB2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40126DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use appropriate tools to collect, record, and analyze information, including life science models, hand lens, stereoscopes, microscopes, beakers, Petri dishes, microscope slides, graduated cylinders, test tubes, meter sticks, metric rulers, metric tape measures, timing devices, hot plates, balances, thermometers, calculators, water test kits, computers, temperature and pH probes, collecting nets, insect traps, globes, digital cameras, journals/notebooks, and other equipment as needed to teach the curriculum; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4013492-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40126DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use preventative safety equipment, including chemical splash goggles, aprons, and gloves, and be prepared to use emergency safety equipment, including an eye/face wash, a fire blanket, and a fire extinguisher.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4013B68-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.5" seq="18" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that interactions occur between matter and energy.]]><TOPIC id="B4014270-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4013B68-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that radiant energy from the Sun is transformed into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401498C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4013B68-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and explain the cycling of matter within living systems such as in the decay of biomass in a compost bin; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4015EEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4013B68-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401508A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.6" seq="22" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter has physical and chemical properties and can undergo physical and chemical changes.]]><TOPIC id="B40157EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401508A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify that organic compounds contain carbon and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40165CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401508A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter in the digestive system; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4016DA4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401508A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize how large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules such as carbohydrates can be broken down into sugars.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40174AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.7" seq="26" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there is a relationship among force, motion, and energy.]]><TOPIC id="B4017B82-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40174AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[contrast situations where work is done with different amounts of force to situations where no work is done such as moving a box with a ramp and without a ramp, or standing still;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401828A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40174AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[illustrate the transformation of energy within an organism such as the transfer from chemical energy to heat and thermal energy in digestion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4018988-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40174AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and illustrate forces that affect motion in everyday life such as emergence of seedlings, turgor pressure, and geotropism.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40190FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.8" seq="30" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that natural events and human activity can impact Earth systems.]]><TOPIC id="B40197CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40190FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict and describe how different types of catastrophic events impact ecosystems such as floods, hurricanes, or tornadoes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4019EA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40190FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the effects of weathering, erosion, and deposition on the environment in ecoregions of Texas; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401A576-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40190FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[model the effects of human activity on groundwater and surface water in a watershed.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401AC56-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.9" seq="34" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows components of our solar system.]]><TOPIC id="B401B3EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401AC56-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the characteristics of objects in our solar system that allow life to exist such as the proximity of the Sun, presence of water, and composition of the atmosphere; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401BAE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401AC56-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the accommodations, considering the characteristics of our solar system, that enabled manned space exploration.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401C1DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.10" seq="37" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there is a relationship between organisms and the environment.]]><TOPIC id="B401C8D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401C1DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and describe how different environments, including microhabitats in schoolyards and biomes, support different varieties of organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401D01E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401C1DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how biodiversity contributes to the sustainability of an ecosystem; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401D6F4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401C1DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe, record, and describe the role of ecological succession such as in a microhabitat of a garden with weeds.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401DDE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.11" seq="41" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that populations and species demonstrate variation and inherit many of their unique traits through gradual processes over many generations.]]><TOPIC id="B401E4C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401DDE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine organisms or their structures such as insects or leaves and use dichotomous keys for identification;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401EBA8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401DDE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain variation within a population or species by comparing external features, behaviors, or physiology of organisms that enhance their survival such as migration, hibernation, or storage of food in a bulb; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401F292-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401DDE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify some changes in genetic traits that have occurred over several generations through natural selection and selective breeding such as the Galapagos Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza fortis) or domestic animals.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12" seq="45" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function.]]><TOPIC id="B402008E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and explain how internal structures of organisms have adaptations that allow specific functions such as gills in fish, hollow bones in birds, or xylem in plants;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4020778-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the main functions of the systems of the human organism, including the circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, digestive, excretory, reproductive, integumentary, nervous, and endocrine systems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4020E6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402154C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4021C2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402230C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B401F9AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.12.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that according to cell theory all organisms are composed of cells and cells carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40229EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.13" seq="52" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that a living organism must be able to maintain balance in stable internal conditions in response to external and internal stimuli.]]><TOPIC id="B4023130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40229EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.13.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how organisms respond to external stimuli found in the environment such as phototropism and fight or flight; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4023838-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40229EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.13.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and relate responses in organisms that may result from internal stimuli such as wilting in plants and fever or vomiting in animals that allow them to maintain balance.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4023EFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.14" seq="55" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that reproduction is a characteristic of living organisms and that the instructions for traits are governed in the genetic material.]]><TOPIC id="B40245D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4023EFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.14.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4024C9C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4023EFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.14.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the results of uniform or diverse offspring from sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4025390-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4023EFA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.7.14.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed in the genetic material found in the genes within chromosomes in the nucleus.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE29D60-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="8" hi="8" seq="1860" code="8">112.20. Grade 8</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B4025A70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B4026164-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4025A70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety Standards; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4026862-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4025A70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[practice appropriate use and conservation of resources, including disposal, reuse, or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B402762C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4027D0C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design and implement comparative and experimental investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and using appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40283F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and record data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative means such as labeled drawings, writing, and graphic organizers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4028AD6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4029274-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4026F4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4029968-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.3" seq="10" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists.]]><TOPIC id="B402A03E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4029968-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402A7B4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4029968-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402AE9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4029968-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402B588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4029968-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402BC54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.4" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific investigation and reasoning." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry.]]><TOPIC id="B402C366-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402BC54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use appropriate tools to collect, record, and analyze information, including lab journals/notebooks, beakers, meter sticks, graduated cylinders, anemometers, psychrometers, hot plates, test tubes, spring scales, balances, microscopes, thermometers, calculators, computers, spectroscopes, timing devices, and other equipment as needed to teach the curriculum; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402CA50-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402BC54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use preventative safety equipment, including chemical splash goggles, aprons, and gloves, and be prepared to use emergency safety equipment, including an eye/face wash, a fire blanket, and a fire extinguisher.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5" seq="18" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Matter and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties.]]><TOPIC id="B402D806-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402DEDC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402E59E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402EC7E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402F426-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B402FB24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B402D130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.5.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40301F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.6" seq="25" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Force, motion, and energy." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that there is a relationship between force, motion, and energy.]]><TOPIC id="B40308C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40301F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4030FBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40301F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40316B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40301F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and describe applications of Newton's law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4031D98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.7" seq="29" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.]]><TOPIC id="B403246E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4031D98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4032B4E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4031D98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4033224-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4031D98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8" seq="33" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows characteristics of the universe.]]><TOPIC id="B4033FD0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Herztsprung-Russell diagram for classification;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40346BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4034DAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of components in the universe;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403556A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[model and describe how light years are used to measure distances and sizes in the universe; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4035C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40338FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.8.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research how scientific data are used as evidence to develop scientific theories to describe the origin of the universe.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4036320-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.9" seq="39" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems.]]><TOPIC id="B4036A28-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4036320-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40370FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4036320-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40377C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4036320-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4037E8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.10" seq="43" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth and space." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems.]]><TOPIC id="B4038558-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4037E8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4038C42-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4037E8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4039318-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4037E8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40399E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.11" seq="47" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Organisms and environments." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems.]]><TOPIC id="B403A0E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40399E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host relationships as they occur in food webs within marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403A7AE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40399E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as quantity of light, water, range of temperatures, or soil composition;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403AE7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40399E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore how short- and long-term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403B618-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40399E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.8.11.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified these systems.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2ACEC-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="10" hi="12" seq="2620" code="C9">112.32. Aquatic Science</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B403BCF8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B403C40A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403BCF8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations, including chemical, electrical, and fire safety, and safe handling of live and preserved organisms; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403CACC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403BCF8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B403D8A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403DFDA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403E7A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but they may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403EE80-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403F560-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement investigative procedures, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting, handling, and maintaining appropriate equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B403FC2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data individually or collaboratively, make measurements with precision and accuracy, record values using appropriate units, and calculate statistically relevant quantities to describe data, including mean, median, and range;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4040302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate the use of course apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4040A46-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, build models, make inferences, and predict trends from data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404113A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform calculations using dimensional analysis, significant digits, and scientific notation; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4041888-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B403D1A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.J" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions using essential vocabulary and multiple modes of expression such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B40427C4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4042EB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40435C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4043CA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research and technology on scientific thought, society, and the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4044362-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the connection between aquatic science and future careers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4044A2E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40420C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the history of aquatic science and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4045122-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4" seq="22" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[Students know that aquatic environments are the product of Earth systems interactions.]]><TOPIC id="B404580C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4045122-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify key features and characteristics of atmospheric, geological, hydrological, and biological systems as they relate to aquatic environments;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4045EEC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4045122-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[apply systems thinking to the examination of aquatic environments, including positive and negative feedback cycles; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40465B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4045122-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and evaluate global environmental data using technology such as maps, visualizations, satellite data, Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS), weather balloons, buoys, etc.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4046C98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5" seq="26" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts long-term studies on local aquatic environments. Local natural environments are to be preferred over artificial or virtual environments.]]><TOPIC id="B4047364-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4046C98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate data over a period of time from an established aquatic environment documenting seasonal changes and the behavior of organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4047A9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4046C98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect baseline quantitative data, including pH, salinity, temperature, mineral content, nitrogen compounds, and turbidity from an aquatic environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404819C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4046C98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze interrelationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in a local aquatic ecosystem; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404885E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4046C98-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the interdependence of organisms in an aquatic environment such as in a pond, river, lake, ocean, or aquifer and the biosphere.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4048F20-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6" seq="31" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the role of cycles in an aquatic environment.]]><TOPIC id="B40495F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4048F20-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the role of carbon, nitrogen, water, and nutrient cycles in an aquatic environment, including upwellings and turnovers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4049D58-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4048F20-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine the interrelationships between aquatic systems and climate and weather, including El Ni&#241;o and La Ni&#241;a, currents, and hurricanes.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404A438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7" seq="34" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the origin and use of water in a watershed.]]><TOPIC id="B404AB18-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404A438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify sources and determine the amounts of water in a watershed, including rainfall, groundwater, and surface water;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404B1F8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404A438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify factors that contribute to how water flows through a watershed; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404B8C4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404A438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify water quantity and quality in a local watershed.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404BF9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8" seq="38" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that geological phenomena and fluid dynamics affect aquatic systems.]]><TOPIC id="B404C670-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404BF9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate basic principles of fluid dynamics, including hydrostatic pressure, density, salinity, and buoyancy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404CD50-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404BF9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify interrelationships between ocean currents, climates, and geologic features; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404D430-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404BF9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and explain fluid dynamics in an upwelling and lake turnover.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404DBCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9" seq="42" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the types and components of aquatic ecosystems.]]><TOPIC id="B404E2C2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404DBCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate among freshwater, brackish, and saltwater ecosystems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404E9AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404DBCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the major properties and components of different marine and freshwater life zones; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404F08C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404DBCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify biological, chemical, geological, and physical components of an aquatic life zone as they relate to the organisms in it.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B404F78A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10" seq="46" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows environmental adaptations of aquatic organisms.]]><TOPIC id="B404FE6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404F78A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify different aquatic organisms using tools such as dichotomous keys;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4050540-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404F78A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and describe how adaptations allow an organism to exist within an aquatic environment; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4050C02-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B404F78A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare differences in adaptations of aquatic organisms to fresh water and marine environments.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40512EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11" seq="50" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows about the interdependence and interactions that occur in aquatic environments.]]><TOPIC id="B40519EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40512EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify how energy flows and matter cycles through both fresh water and salt water aquatic systems, including food webs, chains, and pyramids; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40520C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40512EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the factors affecting aquatic population cycles.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12" seq="53" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands how human activities impact aquatic environments.]]><TOPIC id="B4052E62-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict effects of chemical, organic, physical, and thermal changes from humans on the living and nonliving components of an aquatic ecosystem;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4053538-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="55" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the cumulative impact of human population growth on an aquatic system;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4053C9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the role of humans in unbalanced systems such as invasive species, fish farming, cultural eutrophication, or red tides;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4054398-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and discuss how human activities such as fishing, transportation, dams, and recreation influence aquatic environments; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4054A96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4052796-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand the impact of various laws and policies such as The Endangered Species Act, right of capture laws, or Clean Water Act on aquatic systems.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2BC50-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="11" hi="12" seq="2740" code="CI1">112.33 Astronomy</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B405516C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B4055842-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405516C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4055F18-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405516C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B4056CF6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40573D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4057AAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4058236-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405892A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement investigative procedures, including making observations, asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405901E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data and make measurements with accuracy and precision;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4059708-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data, including making new revised hypotheses when appropriate;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4059E6A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions in writing, oral presentations, and through collaborative projects; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405A540-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4056620-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use astronomical technology such as telescopes, binoculars, sextants, computers, and software.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3" seq="14" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B405B314-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405BA1C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405C0F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405C7C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405CE9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405AC3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the connection between astronomy and future careers.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405D588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4" seq="20" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student recognizes the importance and uses of astronomy in civilization.]]><TOPIC id="B405DC7C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405D588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the use of astronomy in ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Mayans, Aztecs, Europeans, and the native Americans;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405E366-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405D588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the contributions of scientists to our changing understanding of astronomy, including Ptolemy, Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Einstein, and Hubble, and the contribution of women astronomers, including Maria Mitchell and Henrietta Swan Leavitt;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405EA64-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405D588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and explain the historical origins of the perceived patterns of constellations and the role of constellations in ancient and modern navigation; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405F144-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405D588-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the contributions of modern astronomy to today's society, including the identification of potential asteroid/comet impact hazards and the Sun's effects on communication, navigation, and high-tech devices.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B405F860-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5" seq="25" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student develops a familiarity with the sky.]]><TOPIC id="B405FFC2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405F860-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record the apparent movement of the Sun and Moon during the day;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40606A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405F860-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record the apparent movement of the Moon, planets, and stars in the nighttime sky; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4060D96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B405F860-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize and identify constellations such as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Orion, Cassiopeia, and constellations of the zodiac.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6" seq="29" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows our place in space.]]><TOPIC id="B4061B88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast the scale, size, and distance of the Sun, Earth, and Moon system through the use of data and modeling;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4062254-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast the scale, size, and distance of objects in the solar system such as the Sun and planets through the use of data and modeling;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406298E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine the scale, size, and distance of the stars, Milky Way, and other galaxies through the use of data and modeling;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40630AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate apparent versus absolute magnitude to the distances of celestial objects; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40637D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406146C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate the use of units of measurement in astronomy, including Astronomical Units and light years.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4063F8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7" seq="35" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the role of the Moon in the Sun, Earth, and Moon system.]]><TOPIC id="B4064676-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4063F8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[observe and record data about lunar phases and use that information to model the Sun, Earth, and Moon system;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4064D60-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4063F8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[illustrate the cause of lunar phases by showing positions of the Moon relative to Earth and the Sun for each phase, including new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4065440-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4063F8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and differentiate the causes of lunar and solar eclipses, including differentiating between lunar phases and eclipses; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4065B02-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4063F8C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the effects of the Moon on tides.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4066246-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8" seq="40" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the reasons for the seasons.]]><TOPIC id="B406691C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4066246-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4066FE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4066246-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how latitudinal position affects the length of day and night throughout the year;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40676B4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4066246-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that the angle of incidence of sunlight determines the concentration of solar energy received on Earth at a particular location; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4067DBC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4066246-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine the relationship of the seasons to equinoxes, solstices, the tropics, and the equator.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40684A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9" seq="45" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that planets of different size, composition, and surface features orbit around the Sun.]]><TOPIC id="B4068BC2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40684A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast the factors essential to life on Earth such as temperature, water, mass, and gases to conditions on other planets;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40692AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40684A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the planets in terms of orbit, size, composition, rotation, atmosphere, natural satellites, and geological activity;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40699B4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40684A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the role of Newton's law of universal gravitation to the motion of the planets around the Sun and to the motion of natural and artificial satellites around the planets; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406A09E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40684A6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the origins and significance of small solar system bodies, including asteroids, comets, and Kuiper belt objects.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406A77E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10" seq="50" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the role of the Sun as the star in our solar system.]]><TOPIC id="B406AE54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406A77E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the approximate mass, size, motion, temperature, structure, and composition of the Sun;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406B52A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406A77E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, and identify the source of energy within the Sun as nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406BC0A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406A77E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the eleven-year solar cycle and the significance of sunspots; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406C3C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406A77E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze solar magnetic storm activity, including coronal mass ejections, prominences, flares, and sunspots.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11" seq="55" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the characteristics and life cycle of stars.]]><TOPIC id="B406D1A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify the characteristics of main sequence stars, including surface temperature, age, relative size, and composition;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406D884-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[characterize star formation in stellar nurseries from giant molecular clouds, to protostars, to the development of main sequence stars;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406DF64-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the relationship between mass and fusion on the dying process and properties of stars;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406E644-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="59" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate among the end states of stars, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406ED38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="60" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare how the mass and gravity of a main sequence star will determine its end state as a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406F3FA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="61" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the use of spectroscopy in obtaining physical data on celestial objects such as temperature, chemical composition, and relative motion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B406FAD0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B406CA92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="62" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to plot and examine the life cycle of stars from birth to death.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4070192-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12" seq="63" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the variety and properties of galaxies.]]><TOPIC id="B4070868-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4070192-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="64" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe characteristics of galaxies;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4070F52-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4070192-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="65" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize the type, structure, and components of our Milky Way galaxy and location of our solar system within it; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4071628-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4070192-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="66" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast the different types of galaxies, including spiral, elliptical, irregular, and dwarf.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4071CEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13" seq="67" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the scientific theories of cosmology.]]><TOPIC id="B4072424-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4071CEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="68" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the historical development of the Big Bang Theory, including red shift, cosmic microwave background radiation, and other supporting evidence;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4072B04-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4071CEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="69" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe current theories of the evolution of the universe, including estimates for the age of the universe; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40731F8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4071CEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="70" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe scientific hypotheses of the fate of the universe, including open and closed universes and the role of dark matter and dark energy.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14" seq="71" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student recognizes the benefits and challenges of space exploration to the study of the universe.]]><TOPIC id="B4073FC2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="72" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and explain the contributions of human space flight and future plans and challenges;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40746AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="73" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize the advancement of knowledge in astronomy through robotic space flight;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4074D82-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="74" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the importance of ground-based technology in astronomical studies;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4075458-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="75" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize the importance of space telescopes to the collection of astronomical data across the electromagnetic spectrum; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4075B2E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40738E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="76" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an awareness of new developments and discoveries in astronomy.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2CB82-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="9" hi="11" seq="2210" code="911">112.34. Biology</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B4076916-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B40770BE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4076916-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40777A8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4076916-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods and equipment during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B407864E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4078D38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4079422-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but they may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4079AEE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407A1BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407A886-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect and organize qualitative and quantitative data and make measurements with accuracy and precision using tools such as calculators, spreadsheet software, data-collecting probes, computers, standard laboratory glassware, microscopes, various prepared slides, stereoscopes, metric rulers, electronic balances, gel electrophoresis apparatuses, micropipettors, hand lenses, Celsius thermometers, hot plates, lab notebooks or journals, timing devices, cameras, Petri dishes, lab incubators, dissection equipment, meter sticks, and models, diagrams, or samples of biological specimens or structures;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407AF52-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407B65A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4077E92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3" seq="13" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B407C3F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407CAE6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407D202-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407D8F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of scientific research on society and the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407DFF4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate models according to their limitations in representing biological objects or events; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407E7BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407BD26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407EE9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.4" seq="20" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells.]]><TOPIC id="B407F57A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407EE9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B407FC5A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407EE9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4080560-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B407EE9A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4080C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.5" seq="24" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how an organism grows and the importance of cell differentiation.]]><TOPIC id="B4081320-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4080C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40819E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4080C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine specialized cells, including roots, stems, and leaves of plants; and animal cells such as blood, muscle, and epithelium;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40820D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4080C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the roles of DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and environmental factors in cell differentiation; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40827C0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4080C4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6" seq="29" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics.]]><TOPIC id="B4083562-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4083C56-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4084340-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4084A8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that gene expression is a regulated process;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40851BE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40858A8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non-Mendelian inheritance;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4076236-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4085FB0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4082E96-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.6.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how techniques such as DNA fingerprinting, genetic modifications, and chromosomal analysis are used to study the genomes of organisms.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7" seq="38" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows evolutionary theory is a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life.]]><TOPIC id="B4086DD4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40874E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis, and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4087BBC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408829C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408899A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4089098-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and recombination; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408984A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40866B8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.7.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4089F3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.8" seq="46" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that taxonomy is a branching classification based on the shared characteristics of organisms and can change as new discoveries are made.]]><TOPIC id="B408A65A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4089F3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408AD9E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4089F3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408B46A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4089F3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408BB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.9" seq="50" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the significance of various molecules involved in metabolic processes and energy conversions that occur in living organisms.]]><TOPIC id="B408C252-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408BB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408C932-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408BB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408D012-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408BB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and investigate the role of enzymes; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408D6F2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408BB54-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.9.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate the evidence regarding formation of simple organic molecules and their organization into long complex molecules having information such as the DNA molecule for self-replicating life.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408DDD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.10" seq="55" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that biological systems are composed of multiple levels.]]><TOPIC id="B408E4BC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408DDD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408EBBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408DDD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408F2A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B408DDD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each other and to the whole system.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40900A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.11" seq="59" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that biological systems work to achieve and maintain balance.]]><TOPIC id="B4090794-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40900A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="60" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B408F9A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40900A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="61" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and analyze how organisms, populations, and communities respond to external factors;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4090EF6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40900A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="62" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409161C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40900A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.11.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="63" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and species diversity.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12" seq="64" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that interdependence and interactions occur within an environmental system.]]><TOPIC id="B40923F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="65" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4092AD0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="66" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40931E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="67" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40938CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="68" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that long-term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4093FAC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="69" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4094696-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4091D06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-11.12.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="70" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2DC4E-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="10" hi="12" seq="2630" code="C10">112.35. Chemistry</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B4095B2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B4096216-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4095B2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations, including the appropriate use of safety showers, eyewash fountains, safety goggles, and fire extinguishers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4096914-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4095B2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know specific hazards of chemical substances such as flammability, corrosiveness, and radioactivity as summarized on the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS); and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4097058-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4095B2C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.1.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="4" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2" seq="5" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods to solve investigative questions.]]><TOPIC id="B4097E72-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4098570-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4098C46-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4099326-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4099A06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement investigative procedures, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology, including graphing calculators, computers and probes, sufficient scientific glassware such as beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, pipettes, graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, safety goggles, and burettes, electronic balances, and an adequate supply of consumable chemicals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409A0E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data and make measurements with accuracy and precision;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409A7D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[express and manipulate chemical quantities using scientific conventions and mathematical procedures, including dimensional analysis, scientific notation, and significant figures;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409AEB0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409B5A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4097724-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphs, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B409C35A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409CA62-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409544C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409D200-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409D926-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the connection between chemistry and future careers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409E010-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409BC84-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the history of chemistry and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409E6E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4" seq="22" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the characteristics of matter and can analyze the relationships between chemical and physical changes and properties.]]><TOPIC id="B409EDC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409E6E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409F4CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409E6E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify extensive and intensive properties;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B409FBC2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409E6E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure, shape, and volume; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A02A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B409E6E6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.4.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of their properties.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A09AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5" seq="27" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the historical development of the Periodic Table and can apply its predictive power.]]><TOPIC id="B40A1094-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A09AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the use of chemical and physical properties in the historical development of the Periodic Table;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A177E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A09AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the Periodic Table to identify and explain the properties of chemical families, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A1E86-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A09AA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the Periodic Table to identify and explain periodic trends, including atomic and ionic radii, electronegativity, and ionization energy.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6" seq="31" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows and understands the historical development of atomic theory.]]><TOPIC id="B40A2CA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand the experimental design and conclusions used in the development of modern atomic theory, including Dalton's Postulates, Thomson's discovery of electron properties, Rutherford's nuclear atom, and Bohr's nuclear atom;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A3402-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand the electromagnetic spectrum and the mathematical relationships between energy, frequency, and wavelength of light;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A3B00-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the wavelength, frequency, and energy of light using Planck's constant and the speed of light;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4094D6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use isotopic composition to calculate average atomic mass of an element; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A41FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A2584-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[express the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations and Lewis valence electron dot structures.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7" seq="37" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how atoms form ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds.]]><TOPIC id="B40A500E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[name ionic compounds containing main group or transition metals, covalent compounds, acids, and bases, using International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature rules;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A570C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[write the chemical formulas of common polyatomic ions, ionic compounds containing main group or transition metals, covalent compounds, acids, and bases;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A5E5A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[construct electron dot formulas to illustrate ionic and covalent bonds;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A654E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the nature of metallic bonding and apply the theory to explain metallic properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A6C42-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A4910-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.7.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict molecular structure for molecules with linear, trigonal planar, or tetrahedral electron pair geometries using Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8" seq="43" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student can quantify the changes that occur during chemical reactions.]]><TOPIC id="B40A7A70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define and use the concept of a mole;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A8164-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the mole concept to calculate the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in a sample of material;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A8858-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A8F56-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the law of conservation of mass to write and balance chemical equations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A96E0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A734A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.8.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform stoichiometric calculations, including determination of mass relationships between reactants and products, calculation of limiting reagents, and percent yield.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40A9DFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9" seq="49" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the principles of ideal gas behavior, kinetic molecular theory, and the conditions that influence the behavior of gases.]]><TOPIC id="B40AA4F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A9DFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and calculate the relations between volume, pressure, number of moles, and temperature for an ideal gas as described by Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure, and the ideal gas law;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AAC16-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A9DFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform stoichiometric calculations, including determination of mass and volume relationships between reactants and products for reactions involving gases; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AB30A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40A9DFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the postulates of kinetic molecular theory.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10" seq="53" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands and can apply the factors that influence the behavior of solutions.]]><TOPIC id="B40AC110-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the unique role of water in chemical and biological systems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AC80E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="55" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40ACF34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AD650-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40ADD62-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between types of solutions such as electrolytes and nonelectrolytes and unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AE4BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="59" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate factors that influence solubilities and rates of dissolution such as temperature, agitation, and surface area;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AEBF4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="60" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define acids and bases and distinguish between Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions and predict products in acid base reactions that form water;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AF388-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="61" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand and differentiate among acid-base reactions, precipitation reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40AFB58-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="62" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define pH and use the hydrogen or hydroxide ion concentrations to calculate the pH of a solution; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B024C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40ABA08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.10.J" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="63" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between degrees of dissociation for strong and weak acids and bases.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11" seq="64" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the energy changes that occur in chemical reactions.]]><TOPIC id="B40B102A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="65" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand energy and its forms, including kinetic, potential, chemical, and thermal energies;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B1732-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="66" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand the law of conservation of energy and the processes of heat transfer;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B1E12-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="67" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use thermochemical equations to calculate energy changes that occur in chemical reactions and classify reactions as exothermic or endothermic;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B24FC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="68" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform calculations involving heat, mass, temperature change, and specific heat; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B2BE6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B0936-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.11.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="69" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use calorimetry to calculate the heat of a chemical process.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B3302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12" seq="70" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the basic processes of nuclear chemistry.]]><TOPIC id="B40B39F6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B3302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="71" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B40EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B3302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="72" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe radioactive decay process in terms of balanced nuclear equations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B47CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B3302-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.10-12.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="73" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare fission and fusion reactions.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2ECB6-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="11" hi="12" seq="2750" code="CI2">112.36. Earth and Space Science</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B40B4EC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts laboratory and field investigations, for at least 40% of instructional time, using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B40B55BC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B4EC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B5D28-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B4EC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B641C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B4EC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="4" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use the school's technology and information systems in a wise and ethical manner.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2" seq="5" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B40B71F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B78D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B7FBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B86D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B8DB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate the use of course equipment, techniques, and procedures, including computers and web-based computer applications;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B9496-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use a wide variety of additional course apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures as appropriate such as satellite imagery and other remote sensing data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), scientific probes, microscopes, telescopes, modern video and image libraries, weather stations, fossil and rock kits, bar magnets, coiled springs, wave simulators, tectonic plate models, and planetary globes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40B9B80-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BA29C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use mathematical procedures such as algebra, statistics, scientific notation, and significant figures to analyze data using the International System (SI) units; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BA990-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40B6AFC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by data using several formats such as technical reports, lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, presentations, and technical posters.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3" seq="15" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B40BB778-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BBED0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BC5BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BCCB8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and public policy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BD3A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore careers and collaboration among scientists in Earth and space sciences; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BDAA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BB08E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[learn and understand the contributions of scientists to the historical development of Earth and space sciences.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BE18A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4" seq="22" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth in space and time." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows how Earth-based and space-based astronomical observations reveal differing theories about the structure, scale, composition, origin, and history of the universe.]]><TOPIC id="B40BF65C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE18A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the evidence concerning the Big Bang model such as red shift and cosmic microwave background radiation and current theories of the evolution of the universe, including estimates for the age of the universe;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BFD3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE18A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how the Sun and other stars transform matter into energy through nuclear fusion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C043A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE18A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the process by which a supernova can lead to the formation of successive generation stars and planets.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5" seq="26" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth in space and time." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student understands the solar nebular accretionary disk model.]]><TOPIC id="B40C120E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze how gravitational condensation of solar nebular gas and dust can lead to the accretion of planetesimals and protoplanets;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C18F8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate thermal energy sources, including kinetic heat of impact accretion, gravitational compression, and radioactive decay, which are thought to allow protoplanet differentiation into layers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C2046-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[contrast the characteristics of comets, asteroids, and meteoroids and their positions in the solar system, including the orbital regions of the terrestrial planets, the asteroid belt, gas giants, Kuiper Belt, and Oort Cloud;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C2762-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the historical and current hypotheses for the origin of the Moon, including the collision of Earth with a Mars-sized planetesimal;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C2E4C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare terrestrial planets to gas-giant planets in the solar system, including structure, composition, size, density, orbit, surface features, tectonic activity, temperature, and suitability for life; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C3536-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C0B24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare extra-solar planets with planets in our solar system and describe how such planets are detected.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BE86A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6" seq="33" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth in space and time." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the evidence for how Earth's atmospheres, hydrosphere, and geosphere formed and changed through time.]]><TOPIC id="B40C3C8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE86A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the changes of Earth's atmosphere that could have occurred through time from the original hydrogen-helium atmosphere, the carbon dioxide-water vapor-methane atmosphere, and the current nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C4378-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE86A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the role of volcanic outgassing and impact of water-bearing comets in developing Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40BEF4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE86A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how the formation of atmospheric oxygen and the ozone layer impacted the formation of the geosphere and biosphere; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C4A8A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40BE86A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the evidence that Earth's cooling led to tectonic activity, resulting in continents and ocean basins.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C516A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7" seq="38" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth in space and time." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that scientific dating methods of fossils and rock sequences are used to construct a chronology of Earth's history expressed in the geologic time scale.]]><TOPIC id="B40C5854-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C516A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate relative dating methods using original horizontality, rock superposition, lateral continuity, cross-cutting relationships, unconformities, index fossils, and biozones based on fossil succession to determine chronological order;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C5F3E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C516A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the ages of igneous rocks from Earth and the Moon and meteorites using radiometric dating methods; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C6646-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C516A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[understand how multiple dating methods are used to construct the geologic time scale, which represents Earth's approximate 4.6-billion-year history.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C6D44-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8" seq="42" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Earth in space and time." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that fossils provide evidence for geological and biological evolution.]]><TOPIC id="B40C742E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C6D44-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate a variety of fossil types such as transitional fossils, proposed transitional fossils, fossil lineages, and significant fossil deposits with regard to their appearance, completeness, and alignment with scientific explanations in light of this fossil data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C7B22-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C6D44-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how sedimentation, fossilization, and speciation affect the degree of completeness of the fossil record; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C82DE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C6D44-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the significance of the terminal Permian and Cretaceous mass extinction events, including adaptive radiations of organisms after the events.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C89C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9" seq="46" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Solid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows Earth's interior is differentiated chemically, physically, and thermally.]]><TOPIC id="B40C90BC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C89C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate heat transfer through Earth's subsystems by radiation, convection, and conduction and include its role in plate tectonics, volcanism, ocean circulation, weather, and climate;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C97D8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C89C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine the chemical, physical, and thermal structure of Earth's crust, mantle, and core, including the lithosphere and asthenosphere;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40C9ED6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C89C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how scientists use geophysical methods such as seismic wave analysis, gravity, and magnetism to interpret Earth's structure; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CA5B6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40C89C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the formation and structure of Earth's magnetic field, including its interaction with charged solar particles to form the Van Allen belts and auroras.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10" seq="51" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Solid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that plate tectonics is the global mechanism for major geologic processes and that heat transfer, governed by the principles of thermodynamics, is the driving force. The student is expected to:]]><TOPIC id="B40CB3C6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how new conceptual interpretations of data and innovative geophysical technologies led to the current theory of plate tectonics;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CBAE2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how heat and rock composition affect density within Earth's interior and how density influences the development and motion of Earth's tectonic plates;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CC1D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how plate tectonics accounts for geologic processes and features, including sea floor spreading, ocean ridges and rift valleys, subduction zones, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, hot spots, and hydrothermal vents;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CC8CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="55" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the motion history of tectonic plates using equations relating rate, time, and distance to predict future motions, locations, and resulting geologic features;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CCFB4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish the location, type, and relative motion of convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries using evidence from the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CD69E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CACA0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.10.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the role of plate tectonics with respect to long-term global changes in Earth's subsystems such as continental buildup, glaciation, sea level fluctuations, mass extinctions, and climate change.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11" seq="58" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Solid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the geosphere continuously changes over a range of time scales involving dynamic and complex interactions among Earth's subsystems.]]><TOPIC id="B40CE63E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="59" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare the roles of erosion and deposition through the actions of water, wind, ice, gravity, and igneous activity by lava in constantly reshaping Earth's surface;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CED14-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="60" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how plate tectonics accounts for geologic surface processes and features, including folds, faults, sedimentary basin formation, mountain building, and continental accretion;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CF3EA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="61" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze changes in continental plate configurations such as Pangaea and their impact on the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere through time;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40CFACA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="62" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[interpret Earth surface features using a variety of methods such as satellite imagery, aerial photography, and topographic and geologic maps using appropriate technologies; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D01D2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40CDDBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.11.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="63" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of changes in Earth's subsystems on humans such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, flooding, and storm surges and the impact of humans on Earth's subsystems such as population growth, fossil fuel burning, and use of fresh water.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12" seq="64" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Solid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that Earth contains energy, water, mineral, and rock resources and that use of these resources impacts Earth's subsystems.]]><TOPIC id="B40D0FBA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="65" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate how the use of energy, water, mineral, and rock resources affects Earth's subsystems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D1690-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="66" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the formation of fossil fuels, including petroleum and coal;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D1D66-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="67" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[discriminate between renewable and nonrenewable resources based upon rate of formation and use;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D2432-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="68" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the economics of resources from discovery to disposal, including technological advances, resource type, concentration and location, waste disposal and recycling, and environmental costs; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D2B4E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D08E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.12.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="69" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore careers that involve the exploration, extraction, production, use, and disposal of Earth's resources.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13" seq="70" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Fluid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that the fluid Earth is composed of the hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere subsystems that interact on various time scales with the biosphere and geosphere. The student is expected to:]]><TOPIC id="B40D3922-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="71" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[quantify the components and fluxes within the hydrosphere such as changes in polar ice caps and glaciers, salt water incursions, and groundwater levels in response to precipitation events or excessive pumping;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D4034-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="72" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze how global ocean circulation is the result of wind, tides, the Coriolis effect, water density differences, and the shape of the ocean basins;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D480E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="73" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the empirical relationship between the emissions of carbon dioxide, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and the average global temperature trends over the past 150 years;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D4F8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="74" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[discuss mechanisms and causes such as selective absorbers, major volcanic eruptions, solar luminance, giant meteorite impacts, and human activities that result in significant changes in Earth's climate;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D5682-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="75" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the causes and history of eustatic sea-level changes that result in transgressive and regressive sedimentary sequences; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D5D6C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D322E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.13.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="76" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[discuss scientific hypotheses for the origin of life by abiotic chemical processes in an aqueous environment through complex geochemical cycles given the complexity of living systems.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D6438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14" seq="77" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Fluid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that Earth's global ocean stores solar energy and is a major driving force for weather and climate through complex atmospheric interactions.]]><TOPIC id="B40D6B18-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D6438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="78" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the uneven distribution of solar energy on Earth's surface, including differences in atmospheric transparency, surface albedo, Earth's tilt, duration of insolation, and differences in atmospheric and surface absorption of energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D71EE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D6438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="79" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how the atmosphere is heated from Earth's surface due to absorption of solar energy, which is re-radiated as thermal energy and trapped by selective absorbers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D78CE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D6438-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.14.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="80" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how thermal energy transfer between the ocean and atmosphere drives surface currents, thermohaline currents, and evaporation that influence climate.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15" seq="81" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Fluid Earth." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that interactions among Earth's five subsystems influence climate and resource availability, which affect Earth's habitability.]]><TOPIC id="B40D8684-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="82" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how changing surface-ocean conditions, including El Ni&#241;o-Southern Oscillation, affect global weather and climate patterns;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D8D64-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="83" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate evidence such as ice cores, glacial striations, and fossils for climate variability and its use in developing computer models to explain present and predict future climates;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D9444-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="84" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[quantify the dynamics of surface and groundwater movement such as recharge, discharge, evapotranspiration, storage, residence time, and sustainability;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40D9B2E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="85" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the global carbon cycle, including how carbon exists in different forms within the five subsystems and how these forms affect life; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DA20E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40D7FAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.15.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="86" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze recent global ocean temperature data to predict the consequences of changing ocean temperature on evaporation, sea level, algal growth, coral bleaching, hurricane intensity, and biodiversity.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE2FBAC-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="11" hi="12" seq="2760" code="CI3">112.37. Environmental Systems</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B40DA97A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts hands-on laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B40DB05A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DA97A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations, including appropriate first aid responses to accidents that could occur in the field such as insect stings, animal bites, overheating, sprains, and breaks; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DB730-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DA97A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B40DC50E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DCBDA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DD2BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DD990-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DE066-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[follow or plan and implement investigative procedures, including making observations, asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DE746-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data individually or collaboratively, make measurements with precision and accuracy, record values using appropriate units, and calculate statistically relevant quantities to describe data, including mean, median, and range;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DEE30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate the use of course apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures, including meter sticks, rulers, pipettes, graduated cylinders, triple beam balances, timing devices, pH meters or probes, thermometers, calculators, computers, Internet access, turbidity testing devices, hand magnifiers, work and disposable gloves, compasses, first aid kits, binoculars, field guides, water quality test kits or probes, soil test kits or probes, 100-foot appraiser's tapes, tarps, shovels, trowels, screens, buckets, and rock and mineral samples;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DF510-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use a wide variety of additional course apparatuses, equipment, techniques, materials, and procedures as appropriate such as air quality testing devices, cameras, flow meters, Global Positioning System (GPS) units, Geographic Information System (GIS) software, computer models, densiometers, clinometers, and field journals;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40DFC04-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, build models, make inferences, and predict trends from data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E02DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.J" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[perform calculations using dimensional analysis, significant digits, and scientific notation; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E0A1E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40DBE06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.2.K" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3" seq="16" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B40E17D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="17" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E1EDC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E25B2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E2C92-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E335E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the connection between environmental science and future careers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E3A70-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E10FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the history of environmental science and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4" seq="23" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the relationships of biotic and abiotic factors within habitats, ecosystems, and biomes.]]><TOPIC id="B40E4826-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify native plants and animals using a dichotomous key;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E4F06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[assess the role of native plants and animals within a local ecosystem and compare them to plants and animals in ecosystems within four other biomes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E55D2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[diagram abiotic cycles, including the rock, hydrologic, carbon, and nitrogen cycles;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E5CB2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make observations and compile data about fluctuations in abiotic cycles and evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on local ecosystems and local biomes;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E6388-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure the concentration of solute, solvent, and solubility of dissolved substances such as dissolved oxygen, chlorides, and nitrates and describe their impact on an ecosystem;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E6B3A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict how the introduction or removal of an invasive species may alter the food chain and affect existing populations in an ecosystem;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E722E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[predict how species extinction may alter the food chain and affect existing populations in an ecosystem; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E790E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E4146-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.4.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and explain the causes of species diversity and predict changes that may occur in an ecosystem if species and genetic diversity is increased or reduced.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5" seq="32" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the interrelationships among the resources within the local environmental system.]]><TOPIC id="B40E86E2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[summarize methods of land use and management and describe its effects on land fertility;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E8DE0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify source, use, quality, management, and conservation of water;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E94CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[document the use and conservation of both renewable and non-renewable resources as they pertain to sustainability;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40E9BAA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify renewable and non-renewable resources that must come from outside an ecosystem such as food, water, lumber, and energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EA294-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate the economic significance and interdependence of resources within the environmental system; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EA96A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40E8016-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.5.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of waste management methods such as reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting on resource availability.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6" seq="39" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the sources and flow of energy through an environmental system.]]><TOPIC id="B40EB752-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[define and identify the components of the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere and the interactions among them;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EBE3C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and compare renewable and non-renewable energy derived from natural and alternative sources such as oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EC526-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the flow of energy in an ecosystem, including conduction, convection, and radiation;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40ECC74-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and explain the effects of energy transformations in terms of the laws of thermodynamics within an ecosystem; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40ED354-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EB072-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and identify energy interactions in an ecosystem.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EDA34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7" seq="45" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the relationship between carrying capacity and changes in populations and ecosystems.]]><TOPIC id="B40EE114-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EDA34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate carrying capacity to population dynamics;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EE7FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EDA34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate birth rates and exponential growth of populations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EEEDE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EDA34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="48" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and predict the effects of non-renewable resource depletion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EF654-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EDA34-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and make predictions about the impact on populations of geographic locales due to diseases, birth and death rates, urbanization, and natural events such as migration and seasonal changes.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8" seq="50" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that environments change naturally.]]><TOPIC id="B40F045A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and describe the effects on areas impacted by natural events such as tectonic movement, volcanic events, fires, tornadoes, hurricanes, flooding, tsunamis, and population growth;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F0B26-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain how regional changes in the environment may have a global effect;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F1238-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine how natural processes such as succession and feedback loops restore habitats and ecosystems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F1922-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how temperature inversions impact weather conditions, including El Ni&#241;o and La Ni&#241;a oscillations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F200C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40EFD5C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.8.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="55" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze the impact of temperature inversions on global warming, ice cap and glacial melting, and changes in ocean currents and surface temperatures.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9" seq="56" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the impact of human activities on the environment.]]><TOPIC id="B40F2E44-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify causes of air, soil, and water pollution, including point and nonpoint sources;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F352E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the types of air, soil, and water pollution such as chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, pH, pesticide runoff, thermal variations, metallic ions, heavy metals, and nuclear waste;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F3C04-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="59" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine the concentrations of air, soil, and water pollutants using appropriate units;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F42DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="60" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the effect of pollution on global warming, glacial and ice cap melting, greenhouse effect, ozone layer, and aquatic viability;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F49BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="61" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the effect of human activities, including habitat restoration projects, species preservation efforts, nature conservancy groups, hunting, fishing, ecotourism, all terrain vehicles, and small personal watercraft, on the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F509A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="62" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate cost-benefit trade-offs of commercial activities such as municipal development, farming, deforestation, over-harvesting, and mining;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F57A2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="63" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze how ethical beliefs can be used to influence scientific practices such as methods for increasing food production;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F5EBE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="64" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and evaluate different views on the existence of global warming;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F659E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="65" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[discuss the impact of research and technology on social ethics and legal practices in situations such as the design of new buildings, recycling, or emission standards;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F6C7E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.J" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="66" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research the advantages and disadvantages of "going green" such as organic gardening and farming, natural methods of pest control, hydroponics, xeriscaping, energy-efficient homes and appliances, and hybrid cars;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F7386-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.K" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="67" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze past and present local, state, and national legislation, including Texas automobile emissions regulations, the National Park Service Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act, and the Endangered Species Act; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F7A7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F26EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.11-12.9.L" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="68" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze past and present international treaties and protocols such as the environmental Antarctic Treaty System, Montreal Protocol, and Kyoto Protocol.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE30B38-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="9" hi="10" seq="2190" code="CD1">112.38. Integrated Physics and Chemistry</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B40F8FCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.]]><TOPIC id="B40F818C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F8FCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F8876-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F8FCE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses scientific methods during laboratory and field investigations.]]><TOPIC id="B40F9DDE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FA5A4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[plan and implement investigative procedures, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FAC8E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[collect data and make measurements with precision;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FB36E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FBA58-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40F96D6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3" seq="10" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions.]]><TOPIC id="B40FC840-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FCF2A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FD60A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FDCEA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FE3CA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe connections between physics and chemistry and future careers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FEAD2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FC160-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the history of physics and chemistry and contributions of scientists.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4" seq="17" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows concepts of force and motion evident in everyday life.]]><TOPIC id="B40FF928-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and calculate an object's motion in terms of position, displacement, speed, and acceleration;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4100008-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[measure and graph distance and speed as a function of time using moving toys;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41006DE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate how an object's motion changes only when a net force is applied, including activities and equipment such as toy cars, vehicle restraints, sports activities, and classroom objects;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4100DB4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[assess the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, noting the relationship is independent of the nature of the force, using equipment such as dynamic carts, moving toys, vehicles, and falling objects;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41014BC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[apply the concept of conservation of momentum using action and reaction forces such as students on skateboards;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4101BA6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the gravitational attraction between objects of different masses at different distances, including satellites; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4102286-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B40FF22A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.4.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="24" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine electrical force as a universal force between any two charged objects and compare the relative strength of the electrical force and gravitational force.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5" seq="25" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student recognizes multiple forms of energy and knows the impact of energy transfer and energy conservation in everyday life.]]><TOPIC id="B4103050-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize and demonstrate that objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy such as vibration of atoms, water flowing down a stream moving pebbles, and bowling balls knocking down pins;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4103744-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate common forms of potential energy, including gravitational, elastic, and chemical, such as a ball on an inclined plane, springs, and batteries;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4103E24-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric forces;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4104504-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate the law of conservation of energy;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4104BE4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and demonstrate the movement of thermal energy through solids, liquids, and gases by convection, conduction, and radiation such as in weather, living, and mechanical systems;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4105332-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="31" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[evaluate the transfer of electrical energy in series and parallel circuits and conductive materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4105A08-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explore the characteristics and behaviors of energy transferred by waves, including acoustic, seismic, light, and waves on water as they superpose on one another, bend around corners, reflect off surfaces, are absorbed by materials, and change direction when entering new materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41060E8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze energy conversions such as those from radiant, nuclear, and geothermal sources; fossil fuels such as coal, gas, oil; and the movement of water or wind; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41067DC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4102966-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.5.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[critique the advantages and disadvantages of various energy sources and their impact on society and the environment.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6" seq="35" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that relationships exist between the structure and properties of matter.]]><TOPIC id="B410759C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine differences in physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases as explained by the arrangement and motion of atoms, ions, or molecules of the substances and the strength of the forces of attraction between those particles;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4107C72-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate chemical properties of substances to the arrangement of their atoms or molecules;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4108352-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze physical and chemical properties of elements and compounds such as color, density, viscosity, buoyancy, boiling point, freezing point, conductivity, and reactivity;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4108A50-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the physical and chemical behavior of an element, including bonding and classification, to its placement on the Periodic Table; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4109130-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B4106EC6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="40" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[relate the structure of water to its function as a solvent and investigate the properties of solutions and factors affecting gas and solid solubility, including nature of solute, temperature, pressure, pH, and concentration.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7" seq="41" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that changes in matter affect everyday life.]]><TOPIC id="B4109EF0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate changes of state as it relates to the arrangement of particles of matter and energy transfer;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410A5D0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[recognize that chemical changes can occur when substances react to form different substances and that these interactions are largely determined by the valence electrons;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410ACC4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate that mass is conserved when substances undergo chemical change and that the number and kind of atoms are the same in the reactants and products;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410B412-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze energy changes that accompany chemical reactions such as those occurring in heat packs, cold packs, and glow sticks and classify them as exothermic or endothermic reactions;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410BAF2-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe types of nuclear reactions such as fission and fusion and their roles in applications such as medicine and energy production; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410C1C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410981A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-10.7.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the environmental and economic impact of the end-products of chemical reactions such as those that may result in acid rain, degradation of water and air quality, and ozone depletion.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>
<STANDARD id="6DE31B1E-9393-11DE-A739-ED6F9DFF4B22"><GRADE lo="9" hi="12" seq="2480" code="MA8">112.39. Physics</GRADE>
<TOPIC id="B410C8A8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.1" seq="1" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student conducts investigations, for at least 40% of instructional time, using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices. These investigations must involve actively obtaining and analyzing data with physical equipment, but may also involve experimentation in a simulated environment as well as field observations that extend beyond the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B410CF88-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410C8A8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.1.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="2" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410D69A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410C8A8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.1.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="3" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2" seq="4" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses a systematic approach to answer scientific laboratory and field investigative questions.]]><TOPIC id="B410E4A0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="5" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410EB8A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="6" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410F26A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="7" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B410F97C-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="8" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4110066-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="9" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design and implement investigative procedures, including making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, identifying variables, selecting appropriate equipment and technology, and evaluating numerical answers for reasonableness;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4110746-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="10" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate the use of course apparatus, equipment, techniques, and procedures, including multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), triple beam balances, batteries, clamps, dynamics demonstration equipment, collision apparatus, data acquisition probes, discharge tubes with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), hand-held visual spectroscopes, hot plates, slotted and hooked lab masses, bar magnets, horseshoe magnets, plane mirrors, convex lenses, pendulum support, power supply, ring clamps, ring stands, stopwatches, trajectory apparatus, tuning forks, carbon paper, graph paper, magnetic compasses, polarized film, prisms, protractors, resistors, friction blocks, mini lamps (bulbs) and sockets, electrostatics kits, 90-degree rod clamps, metric rulers, spring scales, knife blade switches, Celsius thermometers, meter sticks, scientific calculators, graphing technology, computers, cathode ray tubes with horseshoe magnets, ballistic carts or equivalent, resonance tubes, spools of nylon thread or string, containers of iron filings, rolls of white craft paper, copper wire, Periodic Table, electromagnetic spectrum charts, slinky springs, wave motion ropes, and laser pointers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4110E30-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="11" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[use a wide variety of additional course apparatus, equipment, techniques, materials, and procedures as appropriate such as ripple tank with wave generator, wave motion rope, micrometer, caliper, radiation monitor, computer, ballistic pendulum, electroscope, inclined plane, optics bench, optics kit, pulley with table clamp, resonance tube, ring stand screen, four inch ring, stroboscope, graduated cylinders, and ticker timer;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41115D8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="12" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[make measurements with accuracy and precision and record data using scientific notation and International System (SI) units;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4111CAE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.I" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="13" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and quantify causes and effects of uncertainties in measured data;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4112398-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.J" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="14" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[organize and evaluate data and make inferences from data, including the use of tables, charts, and graphs;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4112A6E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.K" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="15" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through various methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4113194-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B410DDB6-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.2.L" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="16" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[express and manipulate relationships among physical variables quantitatively, including the use of graphs, charts, and equations.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3" seq="17" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Scientific processes." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.]]><TOPIC id="B4113F4A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="18" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411462A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="19" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[communicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4114D1E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="20" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41153FE-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="21" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[explain the impacts of the scientific contributions of a variety of historical and contemporary scientists on scientific thought and society;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4115AE8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="22" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the connections between physics and future careers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41161C8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411386A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.3.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="23" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[express and interpret relationships symbolically in accordance with accepted theories to make predictions and solve problems mathematically, including problems requiring proportional reasoning and graphical vector addition.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4" seq="24" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows and applies the laws governing motion in a variety of situations.]]><TOPIC id="B4116FD8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="25" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[generate and interpret graphs and charts describing different types of motion, including the use of real-time technology such as motion detectors or photogates;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4117726-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="26" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and analyze motion in one dimension using equations with the concepts of distance, displacement, speed, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4117E06-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="27" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and describe accelerated motion in two dimensions using equations, including projectile and circular examples;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41184F0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="28" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the effect of forces on objects, including the law of inertia, the relationship between force and acceleration, and the nature of force pairs between objects;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4118BDA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="29" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[develop and interpret free-body force diagrams; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41192BA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41168DA-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.4.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="30" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify and describe motion relative to different frames of reference.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5" seq="31" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the nature of forces in the physical world.]]><TOPIC id="B411A098-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="32" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[research and describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411A778-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="33" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and calculate how the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between their centers;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411AED0-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="34" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and calculate how the magnitude of the electrical force between two objects depends on their charges and the distance between them;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411B5EC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="35" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[identify examples of electric and magnetic forces in everyday life;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411BCF4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="36" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[characterize materials as conductors or insulators based on their electrical properties;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411C3D4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="37" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[design, construct, and calculate in terms of current through, potential difference across, resistance of, and power used by electric circuit elements connected in both series and parallel combinations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411CAC8-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="38" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in applications such as generators, motors, and transformers; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411D19E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411999A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.5.H" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="39" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe evidence for and effects of the strong and weak nuclear forces in nature.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6" seq="40" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows that changes occur within a physical system and applies the laws of conservation of energy and momentum.]]><TOPIC id="B411E058-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="41" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and calculate quantities using the work-energy theorem in various situations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411E738-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="42" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate examples of kinetic and potential energy and their transformations;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411EE40-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="43" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[calculate the mechanical energy of, power generated within, impulse applied to, and momentum of a physical system;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411F566-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="44" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[demonstrate and apply the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum in one dimension;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B411FD04-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="45" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe how the macroscopic properties of a thermodynamic system such as temperature, specific heat, and pressure are related to the molecular level of matter, including kinetic or potential energy of atoms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41203E4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="46" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[contrast and give examples of different processes of thermal energy transfer, including conduction, convection, and radiation; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4120AEC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B411D982-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.6.G" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="47" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[analyze and explain everyday examples that illustrate the laws of thermodynamics, including the law of conservation of energy and the law of entropy.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7" seq="48" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows the characteristics and behavior of waves.]]><TOPIC id="B41218AC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="49" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[examine and describe oscillatory motion and wave propagation in various types of media;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4121F82-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="50" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate and analyze characteristics of waves, including velocity, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, and calculate using the relationship between wavespeed, frequency, and wavelength;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4122658-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="51" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare characteristics and behaviors of transverse waves, including electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum, and characteristics and behaviors of longitudinal waves, including sound waves;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4122D38-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="52" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[investigate behaviors of waves, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, resonance, and the Doppler effect;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4123422-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.E" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="53" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe and predict image formation as a consequence of reflection from a plane mirror and refraction through a thin convex lens; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4123B7A-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B41211CC-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.7.F" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="54" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the role of wave characteristics and behaviors in medical and industrial applications.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B412426E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.8" seq="55" level="1" placeholder="N" organizer="Science concepts." linkable="N"><![CDATA[The student knows simple examples of atomic, nuclear, and quantum phenomena.]]><TOPIC id="B4124944-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B412426E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.8.A" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="56" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the photoelectric effect and the dual nature of light;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4125024-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B412426E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.8.B" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="57" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[compare and explain the emission spectra produced by various atoms;]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4125704-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B412426E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.8.C" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="58" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[describe the significance of mass-energy equivalence and apply it in explanations of phenomena such as nuclear stability, fission, and fusion; and]]></TOPIC>
<TOPIC id="B4125DE4-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" parent_id="B412426E-B2AF-11DE-99B1-79569DFF4B22" state_num="SCI.9-12.8.D" stem="The student is expected to:" label="Knowledge/Skill" seq="59" level="2" placeholder="N" linkable="Y"><![CDATA[give examples of applications of atomic and nuclear phenomena such as radiation therapy, diagnostic imaging, and nuclear power and examples of applications of quantum phenomena such as digital cameras.]]></TOPIC>
</TOPIC>
</STANDARD>

</MSS>
